{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:11:17Z","timestamp":1792681877626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"09","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SignificanceAlthough the depth detection limit of fluorescence objects in tissue has been studied, reports with a model including noise statistics for designing the optimum measurement configuration are missing. We demonstrate a variance analysis of the depth detection limit toward clinical applications such as noninvasively assessing the risk of aspiration.AimIt is essential to analyze how the depth detection limit of the fluorescence object in a strong scattering medium depends on the measurement configuration to optimize the configuration. We aim to evaluate the depth detection limit from theoretical analysis and phantom experiments and discuss the source\u2013detector distance that maximizes this limit.ApproachExperiments for detecting a fluorescent object in a biological tissue-mimicking phantom of ground beef with background emission were conducted using continuous wave fluorescence measurements with a point source\u2013detector scheme. The results were analyzed using a model based on the photon diffusion equations. Then, variance analysis of the signal fluctuation was introduced.ResultsThe model explained the measured fluorescence intensities and their fluctuations well. The variance analysis showed that the depth detection limit in the presence of ambient light increased with the decrease in the source\u2013detector distance, and the optimum distance was in the range of 10 to 15\u00a0mm. The depth detection limit was found to be \u223c30 mm with this optimum distance for the phantom.ConclusionsThe presented analysis provides a guide for the optimum design of the measurement configuration for detecting fluorescence objects in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.29.9.097001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T10:48:47Z","timestamp":1725274127000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Depth detection limit of a fluorescent object in tissue-like medium with background emission in continuous-wave measurements: a phantom study"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4330-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido 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