{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:02:53Z","timestamp":1790197373875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["221522\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221522\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","award":["EP\/Y020316\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y020316\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0439y7842","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SignificanceVascular abnormalities may contribute to amyloid-beta accumulation and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Monitoring vascular degeneration as AD progresses is essential. Three-photon fluorescence microscopy enables high-resolution deep tissue imaging with minimal invasiveness and photodamage.AimIn this proof-of-concept study, we established a longitudinal 3P imaging pipeline to quantify vascular and amyloid plaque changes in the APPNL-G-F mouse model.ApproachA cranial window allowed repeated 3P imaging at 4-week intervals beginning at 5 weeks after surgery. Vessels labeled with Texas-Red were segmented using DeepVess, whereas plaques labeled with methoxy-XO4 were segmented using custom scripts. Quantitative analyses assessed vascular parameters (diameter, tortuosity, length, inter-vessel distance, total volume) and plaque metrics (radius, total volume).ResultsWe imaged the same field over 4 weeks, quantifying an overall decrease in vasculature and an increase in amyloid plaques between two sessions. Significant changes in vessel diameter, inter-vessel distance, and alterations in vessel length and plaque radius were observed. Changes in vessel tortuosity were not significant.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the potential of three-photon imaging to track vascular and amyloid-related changes in deep cortical structures. It offers a tool for studying the interplay between vascular and amyloid pathologies in AD, supporting future research into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.31.1.016004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1767347482000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal three-photon imaging for tracking amyloid plaques and vascular degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9511-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline","family":"Stas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-8641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-31\/issue-01\/016004\/Longitudinal-three-photon-imaging-for-tracking-amyloid-plaques-and-vascular\/10.1117\/1.JBO.31.1.016004.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:25:10Z","timestamp":1790195110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-31\/issue-01\/016004\/Longitudinal-three-photon-imaging-for-tracking-amyloid-plaques-and-vascular\/10.1117\/1.JBO.31.1.016004.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jbo.31.1.016004","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.08.12.669914","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}}}