{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:01:29Z","timestamp":1790197289190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01EB028792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB028792"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SignificanceIntermittent hypoxia (IH) is common in preterm neonates and can cause hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. Simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation is essential to detect oxygen delivery-extraction mismatches and guide intervention.AimWe aimed to adapt and test an innovative diffuse speckle contrast flow oximetry (DSCFO) system for continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics during IH in neonatal rats, a model approximating human neonates.ApproachTwo compact laser diodes and a miniature CMOS camera were integrated into a fiber-free probe for continuous monitoring of changes in relative CBF (rCBF) and oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations (\u0394[HbO2] and \u0394[Hb]) in 8-day-old neonatal rats. Sham rats (n=6) underwent 10\u00a0min of normoxia, whereas IH rats (n=8) experienced 10 cycles of sequential 2-min hypoxia (8% O2) and 2-min hyperoxia (100% O2).ResultsSham rats maintained stable cerebral hemodynamics under normoxia, whereas IH rats exhibited pronounced periodic fluctuations during IH. Hypoxic episodes caused instantaneous decreases in rCBF and \u0394[HbO2] and increases in \u0394[Hb], whereas hyperoxic episodes reversed these effects, reducing hypoxic stress. However, the pronounced cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations during IH may still contribute to brain injury.ConclusionsWe demonstrate an affordable, noninvasive, wearable, fiber-free DSCFO system for continuous monitoring of rCBF, \u0394[HbO2], and \u0394[Hb] during IH in neonatal rats. The system captured hypoxia-induced cerebral deoxygenation and hyperoxia-driven recovery, revealing episode-dependent protective and disruptive mechanisms. Future work will correlate DSCFO findings with neurological and histological outcomes to guide IH interventions in large neonatal animal models and human infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.31.4.047001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:25:42Z","timestamp":1776385542000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noninvasive diffuse optical monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation responses to intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rats"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pegah","family":"Safavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrana","family":"Mohtasebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioptics Technology LLC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chowdhury","family":"Azimul Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7456-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faezeh","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2537-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioptics Technology LLC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1218-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-31\/issue-04\/047001\/Noninvasive-diffuse-optical-monitoring-of-cerebral-blood-flow-and-oxygenation\/10.1117\/1.JBO.31.4.047001.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:11:53Z","timestamp":1790194313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-31\/issue-04\/047001\/Noninvasive-diffuse-optical-monitoring-of-cerebral-blood-flow-and-oxygenation\/10.1117\/1.JBO.31.4.047001.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jbo.31.4.047001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}