{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:01:13Z","timestamp":1790298073405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Med. Imag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to (1)\u00a0develop metrics to characterize the regional anatomical complexity of the lungs, and (2)\u00a0relate these metrics with lung nodule detection in chest CT. A free-scrolling reader-study with virtually inserted nodules (13 radiologists \u00d7 157 total nodules = 2041 responses) is used to characterize human detection performance. Metrics of complexity based on the local density and orientation of distracting vasculature are developed for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) considerations of the image volume. Assessed characteristics included the distribution of 2-D\/3-D vessel structures of differing orientation (dubbed \u201c2-D\/3-D and dot-like\/line-like distractor indices\u201d), contiguity of inserted nodules with local vasculature, mean local gray-level surrounding each nodule, the proportion of lung voxels to total voxels in each section, and 3-D distance of each nodule from the trachea bifurcation. A generalized linear mixed-effects statistical model is used to determine the influence of each these metrics on nodule detectability. In order of decreasing effect size: 3-D line-like distractor index, 2-D line-like distractor index, 2-D dot-like distractor index, local mean gray-level, contiguity with 2-D dots, lung area, and contiguity with 3-D lines all significantly affect detectability (P\u2009\u2009&lt;\u2009\u20090.05). These data demonstrate that local lung complexity degrades detection of lung nodules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jmi.5.4.045502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T15:28:25Z","timestamp":1542900505000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Local complexity metrics to quantify the effect of anatomical noise on detectability of lung nodules in chest CT imaging"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor Brunton","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3820-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Harrawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingshuk Roy","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Samei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"r1","year":"2016"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2372041887"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2013.9025"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.10.005"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161659"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000140"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1915-7"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341040589"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.03.012"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2255593"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.7.001266"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.202.1.8988200"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132918"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2254044"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1581411"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-S2-S5"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2015.1023358"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4919849"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/13.10.3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-medical-imaging\/volume-5\/issue-04\/045502\/Local-complexity-metrics-to-quantify-the-effect-of-anatomical-noise\/10.1117\/1.JMI.5.4.045502.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:23:52Z","timestamp":1790295832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-medical-imaging\/volume-5\/issue-04\/045502\/Local-complexity-metrics-to-quantify-the-effect-of-anatomical-noise\/10.1117\/1.JMI.5.4.045502.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jmi.5.4.045502","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-4302","2329-4310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-4302","type":"print"},{"value":"2329-4310","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]}}}