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Commercially available distal optic systems below 1\u00a0mm in diameter are severely limited, and custom micro lenses are generally very expensive. Gradient index of refraction (GRIN) singlets are available in small diameters but have limited optical performance adjustability. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed monolithic optical systems are an emerging option that may be suitable for enabling high performance, close-focus imaging. In this manuscript, we compared the optical performance of three custom distal optic systems; a custom-pitch GRIN singlet, 3D-printed monolithic doublet, and 3D-printed monolithic triplet, with a nominal working distance (WD) of 1.5, 0.5, and 0.4\u00a0mm in 0.9% saline. These short WDs are ideal for microendoscopy in collapsed or flushed lumens such as pancreatic duct or fallopian tube. The GRIN singlet had performance limited only by the fiber bundle relay over 0.9- to 1.6-mm depth of field (DOF). The 3D-printed doublet was able to achieve a comparable DOF of 0.71\u00a0mm, whereas the 3D-printed triplet suffered the most limited DOF of 0.55\u00a0mm. 3D printing enables flexible design of monolithic multielement systems with aspheric surfaces of very short WDs and relative ease of integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jom.3.1.011003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T10:12:44Z","timestamp":1672827164000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Characterizing close-focus lenses for microendoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7716-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Galvez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of 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