{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:25:55Z","timestamp":1792787155969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Department of Health\u2019s NIHR BRC"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["104580\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104580\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurophoton."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;We describe the development of a miniaturized broadband near-infrared spectroscopy system (bNIRS), which measures changes in cerebral tissue oxyhemoglobin (\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) plus tissue metabolism via changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase ([oxCCO]). The system is based on a small light source and a customized mini-spectrometer. We assessed the instrument in a preclinical study in 27 newborn piglets undergoing transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We aimed to quantify the recovery of the HI insult and estimate the severity of the injury. The recovery in brain oxygenation (\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbDiff\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u2009\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HHb\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009), blood volume (\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbT\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HHb\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009), and metabolism (\u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009oxCCO\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009) for up to 30\u00a0min after the end of HI were quantified in percentages using the recovery fraction (RF) algorithm, which quantifies the recovery of a signal with respect to baseline. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed on bNIRS-RF measurements compared to proton (H1) magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS)-derived thalamic lactate\/N-acetylaspartate (Lac\/NAA) measured at 24-h post HI insult; Lac\/NAA peak area ratio is an accurate surrogate marker of neurodevelopmental outcome in babies with neonatal HI encephalopathy. The \u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009oxCCO\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009-RF cut-off threshold of 79% within 30\u00a0min of HI predicted injury severity based on Lac\/NAA with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93%). A significant difference in thalamic Lac\/NAA was noticed (&lt;italic&gt;p&lt;\/italic&gt;\u2009\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009\u20090.0001) between the two groups based on this cut-off threshold of 79% \u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009oxCCO\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009-RF. The severe injury group (&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;\/italic&gt;\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u200913) had \u223c30\u2009\u2009%\u2009\u2009 smaller recovery in \u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbDiff\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009-RF (&lt;italic&gt;p&lt;\/italic&gt;\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20090.0001) and no significant difference was observed in \u0394\u2009\u2009[\u2009\u2009HbT\u2009\u2009]\u2009\u2009-RF between groups. At 48\u00a0h post HI, significantly higher P31-MRS-measured inorganic phosphate\/exchangeable phosphate pool (epp) (&lt;italic&gt;p&lt;\/italic&gt;\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20090.01) and reduced phosphocreatine\/epp (&lt;italic&gt;p&lt;\/italic&gt;\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20090.003) were observed in the severe injury group indicating persistent cerebral energy depletion. Based on these results, the bNIRS measurement of the oxCCO recovery fraction offers a noninvasive real-time biomarker of brain injury severity within 30\u00a0min following HI insult.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.nph.6.4.045009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T09:32:35Z","timestamp":1573723955000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Quantification of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal preclinical model using measurements of cytochrome-c-oxidase from a miniature broadband-near-infrared spectroscopy system"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pardis","family":"Kaynezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhabrata","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingran","family":"Lingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Avdic-Belltheus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7490-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Martinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bainbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. College Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8125-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Tachtsidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Neurophotonics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/neurophotonics\/volume-6\/issue-04\/045009\/Quantification-of-the-severity-of-hypoxic-ischemic-brain-injury-in\/10.1117\/1.NPh.6.4.045009.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1790293156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/neurophotonics\/volume-6\/issue-04\/045009\/Quantification-of-the-severity-of-hypoxic-ischemic-brain-injury-in\/10.1117\/1.NPh.6.4.045009.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.nph.6.4.045009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-423X","2329-4248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-423X","type":"print"},{"value":"2329-4248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]}}}