{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:11:12Z","timestamp":1790273472416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPARC OT2 OD025307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPARC OT2 OD025307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56-NS094651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56-NS094651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurophoton."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Significance: Infrared (IR) inhibition can selectively block peripheral sensory nerve fibers, a potential treatment for autonomic-dysfunction-related diseases (e.g., neuropathic pain and interstitial cystitis). Lowering the IR inhibition threshold can increase its translational potentials.\nAim: Infrared induces inhibition by enhancing potassium channel activation. We hypothesized that the IR dose threshold could be reduced by combining it with isotonic ion replacement.\nApproach: We tested the IR inhibition threshold on the pleural-abdominal connective of Aplysia californica. Using a customized chamber system, the IR inhibition was applied either in normal saline or in isotonic ion-replaced saline, which could be high glucose saline, high choline saline, or high glucose\/high choline saline. Each modified saline was at a subthreshold concentration for inhibiting neural conduction.\nResults: We showed that isotonically replacing ions in saline with glucose and\/or choline can reduce the IR threshold and temperature threshold of neural inhibition. Furthermore, the size selectivity of IR inhibition was preserved when combined with high glucose\/high choline saline.\nConclusions: The present work of IR inhibition combined with isotonic ion replacement will guide further development of a more effective size-selective IR inhibition modality for future research and translational applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.nph.8.1.015005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T03:15:58Z","timestamp":1613704558000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Isotonic ion replacement can lower the threshold for selective infrared neural inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-768X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junqi","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihui","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin S.","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"McPheeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Duco","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillel J.","family":"Chiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8908-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Neurophotonics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/neurophotonics\/volume-8\/issue-01\/015005\/Isotonic-ion-replacement-can-lower-the-threshold-for-selective-infrared\/10.1117\/1.NPh.8.1.015005.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:40:26Z","timestamp":1790271626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/neurophotonics\/volume-8\/issue-01\/015005\/Isotonic-ion-replacement-can-lower-the-threshold-for-selective-infrared\/10.1117\/1.NPh.8.1.015005.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.nph.8.1.015005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-423X","2329-4248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-423X","type":"print"},{"value":"2329-4248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}