{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:04:50Z","timestamp":1790949890748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,12]],"date-time":"2001-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":992304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"If metallic material is exposed to ionizing radiation of sufficient high energy, an increase in dose due to backscatter radiation occurs in front of this material. Our purpose in this study was to quantify these doses at variable distances between scattering materials and the detector at axial beam angles between (zero angle in beams eye view) and Copper, silver and lead sheets embedded in a phantom of perspex were exposed to 10 MV\u2010bremsstrahlung. The detector we developed is based on the fluorescence property of pyromellitic acid (1,2,4,5 benzenetetracarboxylic acid) after exposure to ionizing radiation. Our results show that the additional doses and the corresponding dose distribution in front of the scattering materials depend quantitatively and qualitatively on the beam angle. The backscatter dose increases with varying beam angle from to up to a maximum at for copper and silver. At angles of and the integral backscatter doses over a tissue\u2010equivalent depth of 2 mm are 11.2% and 21.6% for copper and 24% and 28% for silver, respectively. In contrast, in front of lead there are no obvious differences of the measured backscatter doses at angles between and With a further increase of the beam angle from to the backscatter dose decreases steeply for all three materials. In front of copper a markedly lower penetrating depth of the backscattered electrons was found for an angle of compared to This dependence from the beam angle was less pronounced in front of silver and not detectable in front of lead. In conclusion, the dependence of the backscatter dose from the angle between axial beam and scattering material must be considered, as higher scattering doses have to be considered than previously expected. This may have a clinical impact since the surface of metallic implants is usually curved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1366664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,30]],"date-time":"2008-06-30T23:22:32Z","timestamp":1214868152000},"page":"959-965","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Backscatter dose from metallic materials due to obliquely incident high\u2010energy photon beams"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Nadrowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Feyerabend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"P. Blockberger and D. 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