{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1791006254255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,12]],"date-time":"2002-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1029110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Most researchers choose the diffusion approximation to the transport equation as the model to describe photon migration in biological tissues. However, the applicability of this approximation is limited and, in certain cases, invalid. In this paper we introduce a two\u2010dimensional, finite element\u2010spherical harmonics (FE\u2010\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp0404-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp0404:mp0404-math-0001\"\/>\n                    radiation transport method for the simulation of light propagation in tissue. The propagation of light is investigated first in a layered cylinder, which can be seen as a very simplistic approximation of a human head. Effects of the anisotropy factor\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the photon migration is then examined in homogeneous and heterogeneous media for different values of\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp0404-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp0404:mp0404-math-0002\"\/>\n                    The influence of void\u2010like heterogeneities and channels in which absorption and scattering are very small compared with the surrounding medium on the transport of photons is also investigated. Significant differences between transport and diffusion calculations are shown to occur in all cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1500404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T10:38:05Z","timestamp":1032431885000},"page":"2013-2023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A comparison between transport and diffusion calculations using a finite element\u2010spherical harmonics radiation transport method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"E. D.","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R. E.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J. H.","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3.64354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"J. Wu \u201cPhoton migration in turbid media: Time\u2010resolved optical imaging in tissue\u2010like phantom \u201d Ph.D. thesis MIT 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/9\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.000253"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cOptical tomography photon migration and spectroscopy of tissue and model media: Theory human studies and instrumentation. I II \u201d edited by B. Chance and R. R. Alfano Proc. 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Dainty \u201cA comparison between finite element transport and Monte Carlo solutions for photon propagation \u201d Proceedings of Applied Optics and Optoelectronics Reading University UK 1996 pp. 58\u201363."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/15\/2\/022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Frequency\u2010 and time\u2010domain modelling of light transport in random media","volume":"11","author":"Kaltenbach J. M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.154635"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.31.003509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/11\/013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.003362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.577318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"D. A. 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