{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T03:09:14Z","timestamp":1714273754287},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper is concerned with the analysis of the phonocardiogram signals (PCG) in the time\u2010frequency domain. Three techniques are studied and evaluated in PCG signal analysis. These are the short time Fourier transform (STFT), the Wigner distribution function (WD) and the continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs). The analysis is first carried out on the second cardiac sound (S2) in order to show the aptitude of each method in distinguishing the internal components of this sound. The results we obtain show that the STFT cannot detect the two internal components of S2 (A2 and P2, respectively, the aortic and pulmonary components). The WD can provide time\u2010frequency characteristics of S2, but with insufficient diagnostic information: the two components are not accurately detected and appear to be only one component. It is found that the CWT (it can also provide the time\u2010frequency characteristic of S2) is capable of detecting its two components, A2 and P2, allowing therefore the measurement of the delay between them. This delay, called the split, is very important in the diagnosis of many pathological cases, as it is emphasized in the results we obtain by applying the CWT on different pathological cases (mitral stenosis, pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2008427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]],"date-time":"2005-09-07T22:06:36Z","timestamp":1126130796000},"page":"2911-2917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Time\u2010frequency analysis of the second cardiac sound in phonocardiogram signals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Debbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bereksi\u2010Reguig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"A review","volume":"15","author":"Rangayyan R. M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"The Sounds of the Normal Heart","author":"Luisada A. A.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(71)90360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Auscultation","author":"Harris A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"The Guide to Heart Sounds: Normal and Abnormal","author":"Novey D. N.","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-2806(85)90007-6","article-title":"Normal and abnormal heart sound in cardiac diagnosis. Part I: systolic sounds","volume":"10","author":"Shaver J. A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Probl Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","volume-title":"Advances in Spectrum Estimation","author":"Boashas B.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","series-title":"IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Time\u2010frequency and wavelets in Biomedical Signal Processing","author":"Williams W. J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Wavelet Transforms in Signal Detection","author":"Tuteur F. B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE ICASSP"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"298","volume-title":"Inverse problems: An interdisciplinary study. Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics","author":"Grossmann A."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.119724"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.142648"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519404000916"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519404001028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Th\u00e8se de doctorat d\u2019\u00e9tat","author":"Debbal S. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.650366"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.2008427","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.2008427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.2008427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T06:07:05Z","timestamp":1696399625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.2008427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.2008427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.2008427","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]]}}}