{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:25:46Z","timestamp":1787016346408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]],"date-time":"2008-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"\n The amount and geometric distribution of paramagnetic components in tissue is considered as the basis of\n \n \u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such techniques are routinely applied for assessment of iron in parenchymal organs such as the liver (hemosiderosis). Furthermore, susceptibility sensitive MRI is discussed as an alternative method to x\u2010ray techniques for quantitative assessment of paramagnetic spongy bone components in patients with osteoporosis. The presented work is dedicated to systematically examining the possible influences of macroscopic arrangements of paramagnetic plates on the magnetic field. In a theoretical approach magnetic field distribution was simulated applying decomposition of the plates in single dipoles. Plate size and distances between parallel plates, as well as plate orientation with respect to the static field, were varied for these numerical simulations. Experiments on corresponding plate arrangements were carried out on a\n \n whole body MR scanner using the field\u2010sensitive MR sequence technique for\n \n field mapping. Further examinations were carried out on a bone preparation of the femur, where\n \n maps were measured and analyzed on a pixel\u2010by\u2010pixel basis at two orientations with respect to the static field. A series of experiments were performed using isotropic and anisotropic volume elements in three\u2010dimensional gradient echo sequences. Resulting magnetic field distributions in the experimentally recorded\n \n field maps were in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Field distortions dominated in areas close to the plates and especially near the edges. Those areas showed strong local field gradients, leading to pronounced signal dephasing effects. The examination of the bone preparations revealed different\n \n values for identical regions in the bone when the orientation of the bone or the pixel geometry was changed with respect to the magnetic field. Those effects amounted to nearly 70% (\n \n versus\n \n in a region of interest in the femur) for 90\u00b0 rotation of the femur in the magnetic fields. The orientation of anisotropic picture elements with constant size also showed a strong influence on the derived\n \n value (up to 80%, increasing with anisotropy of picture elements).\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2896079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,5]],"date-time":"2008-05-05T18:23:12Z","timestamp":1210011792000},"page":"1777-1784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Magnetic field distribution in the presence of paramagnetic plates in magnetic resonance imaging: A combined numerical and experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Mertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Machann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Mueller\u2010Bierl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guenter","family":"Steidle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias E.","family":"Bellemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728\u2010199901000\u201000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.73.865.10721315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720\u2010048X(97)00093\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1974.tb03878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711160405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109343(93)90218\u2010E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.72.858.10560339"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2769102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(02)08761\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070125"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.3.7644622"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-1998-65-605","article-title":"A review of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of trabecular bone microarchitecture: Contribution to the prediction of biomechanical properties and fracture prevalence","volume":"6","author":"Majumdar S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Technol. 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