{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1790183763890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]],"date-time":"2008-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Livewire and level set are popular methods for medical image segmentation. In this article, the authors propose a hybrid method of livewire and level set, termed the live level set (LLS). The LLS replaces the one graph update iteration in the classic livewire with two iterations of graph updates. The first iteration generates an initial contour for a level set computation. The level set distance is then factored back into the cost function in the second iteration of graph update. The authors validated LLS using synthetic images. The results show that the performance of the LLS is superior to both the classic live wire and traditional level set methods in terms of accuracy, reproducibility, smoothness and running time. They also qualitatively evaluated the LLS using real clinical data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2968876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,4]],"date-time":"2008-09-04T01:08:09Z","timestamp":1220490489000},"page":"4112-4120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Live level set: A hybrid method of livewire and level set for medical image segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gmip.1998.0475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015719"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Intelligent scissors for image composition","volume":"22","author":"Mortensen E. N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"ACM Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"IEEE Computers in Cardiology","author":"Mortensen E. N.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Visualization and Biomedical Computing","author":"Udupa J. K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Intelligent scissors for medical image segmentation","author":"Stalling D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Digitale Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Caselles V.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods","author":"Sethian J. A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"J.\u2010P. Guyon 2003 MICCAI Montreal Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Enhanced lane: Interactive image segmentation by incremental path map construction","volume":"64","author":"Kang H. W.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Rubber Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Iterative Live Wire and Live Snake: New User\u2010Steered 3D Image Segmentation Paradigms","author":"Souza A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.651723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263\u2010006\u20108711\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.808355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.854442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"M.Rousson T.Brox andR.Deriche \u201cActive unsupervised texture segmentation on a diffusion based feature space \u201d CVPR 2003(unpublished)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Doretto G.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. P.Awate T.Tasdizen andR. T.Whitaker \u201cUnsupervised texture segmentation with nonparametric neighborhood statistics \u201d ECCV 2006(unpublished).","DOI":"10.1007\/11744047_38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"L.IbanezandW.Schroeder ITK Software Guide Kitware Inc. 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01963.x","article-title":"Characterizing surface smoothness via estimation of effective fractal dimension","volume":"56","author":"Constantine A. G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.2968876","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.2968876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.2968876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T20:32:17Z","timestamp":1738355537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.2968876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.2968876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.2968876","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]]}}}