{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:48:10Z","timestamp":1790930890225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,22]],"date-time":"2008-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB 005712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB 005712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB 007021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB 007021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an \u201con\u2010board\u201d x\u2010ray imaging device integrated into a radiation therapy system has recently been made available for patient positioning, target localization, and adaptive treatment planning. One of the challenges for gantry mounted image\u2010guided radiation therapy (IGRT) systems is the slow acquisition of projections for cone\u2010beam CT (CBCT), which makes them sensitive to any patient motion during the scans. Aiming at motion artifact reduction, four\u2010dimensional CBCT (4D CBCT) techniques have been introduced, where a surrogate for the target's motion profile is utilized to sort the cone\u2010beam data by respiratory phase. However, due to the limited gantry rotation speed and limited readout speed of the on\u2010board imager, fewer than 100 projections are available for the image reconstruction at each respiratory phase. Thus, severe undersampling streaking artifacts plague 4D CBCT images. In this paper, the authors propose a simple scheme to significantly reduce the streaking artifacts. In this method, a prior image is first reconstructed using all available projections without gating, in which static structures are well reconstructed while moving objects are blurred. The undersampling streaking artifacts from static structures are estimated from this prior image volume and then can be removed from the phase images using gated reconstruction. The proposed method was validated using numerical simulations, experimental phantom data, and patient data. The fidelity of stationary and moving objects is maintained, while large gains in streak artifact reduction are observed. Using this technique one can reconstruct 4D CBCT datasets using no more projections than are acquired in a <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7736-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7736:mp7736-math-0001\"\/> scan. At the same time, a temporal gating window as narrow as <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7736-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7736:mp7736-math-0002\"\/> was utilized. Compared to the conventional 4D CBCT reconstruction, streaking artifacts were reduced by 60% to 70%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2977736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]],"date-time":"2008-10-06T15:47:41Z","timestamp":1223308061000},"page":"4649-4659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Streaking artifacts reduction in four\u2010dimensional cone\u2010beam computed 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