{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:03:49Z","timestamp":1761059029071},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["730\/3\u20101","3\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["730\/3\u20101","3\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Segmentation of trabecular bone from magnetic resonance (MR) images is a challenging task due to spatial resolution limitations, signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio constraints, and signal intensity inhomogeneities. This article examines an alternative approach to trabecular bone segmentation using partial membership segmentation termed fuzzy <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp4615-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp4615:mp4615-math-0001\" \/>\u2010means clustering incorporating local second order features for bone enhancement (BE\u2010FCM) at multiple scales. This approach is meant to allow for a soft segmentation that accounts for partial volume effects while suppressing the influence of noise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A soft segmentation method was developed and evaluated on three different sets of data; interscan reproducibility was evaluated on six test\u2010retest<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MR scans of the proximal femur, correlation between MR and HR\u2010pQCT measurements was evaluated on 49 <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> scans from the distal tibia, and the potential for fracture discrimination was evaluated using MR scans of calcaneus specimens from 15 participants with and 15 participants without vertebral fracture. The algorithm was compared to fuzzy clustering using the intensity as the only feature (I\u2010FCM) and a dual thresholding algorithm. The metric evaluated was bone volume over total volume (BV\/TV) within user\u2010defined regions of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BE\u2010FCM had a higher interscan reproducibility (rms CV: 2.0%) compared to I\u2010FCM (5.6%) and thresholding (4.2%), and expressed higher correlation to HR\u2010pQCT data <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp4615-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp4615:mp4615-math-0002\" \/> compared to I\u2010FCM <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp4615-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp4615:mp4615-math-0003\" \/> and thresholding <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp4615-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp4615:mp4615-math-0004\" \/>. BE\u2010FCM was also the method that was best able to differentiate between a control and a vertebral fracture group at a 95% significance level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that trabecular bone segmentation by BE\u2010FCM can provide a precise BV\/TV measurement that is sensitive to pathology. The segmentation method may become useful in MR imaging\u2010based quantification of bone microarchitecture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3264615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,29]],"date-time":"2009-12-29T23:10:06Z","timestamp":1262128206000},"page":"295-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Local bone enhancement fuzzy clustering for segmentation of MR trabecular bone images"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Folkesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Carballido\u2010Gamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90512-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92555-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.7.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(1999)10:2<186::AID-IMA9>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.859192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.668698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3097281"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"794","author":"Westin C. -F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00336961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"J.Blom \u201cTopological and geometrical aspects of image structure \u201d Ph.D. thesis Utrecht University 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Aided Interventions (MICCAI)","first-page":"130","author":"Frangi A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Aided Interventions (MICCAI): Bone Enhancement Filtering","first-page":"9","author":"Descoteaux M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01969727308546046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0450-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0495-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1907-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)","first-page":"3627","author":"Vasilic B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2008.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.996338"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3264615","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3264615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.3264615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T05:03:54Z","timestamp":1694927034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.3264615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.3264615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3264615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]}}}