{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:32:24Z","timestamp":1791232344198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]],"date-time":"2009-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents a computerized segmentation method for breast lesions on ultrasound (US) images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>It consists of first applying a contrast\u2010enhanced approach, i.e., a contrast\u2010limited adaptive histogram equalization. Then, aiming at removing speckle and enhancing the lesion boundary, an anisotropic diffusion filter, guided by texture descriptors derived from a set of Gabor filters, is applied. To eliminate the distant pixels that do not belong to the tumor, the resulting filtered image is multiplied by a constraint Gaussian function. By doing so, both the segmentation and the marker functions are generated and could be used in the marker\u2010controlled watershed transformation algorithm to create potential lesion boundaries. Finally, to determine the lesion contour, the average radial derivative function is evaluated. The proposed method was tested with 50 breast US images and 60 simulated \u201cultrasound\u2010like\u201d images. Accuracy and precision of the segmentation method were then assessed. For the accuracy, three parameters were used: Overlap ratio (OR), normalized residual value (nrv), and proportional distance (PD) between contours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average results for US images were <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0001\"\/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0002\"\/>, and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0003\"\/>. For simulated ultrasound\u2010like images, a better performance (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0004\"\/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0005\"\/>, and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp5959-math-0006.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp5959:mp5959-math-0006\"\/>) was achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The segmentation method proposed was capable of delineating the lesion contours with high accuracy in comparison to both the radiologists\u2019 delineations and the true delineations of simulated images. Moreover, this method was also found to be robust to human\u2010dependent parameters variations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3265959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,29]],"date-time":"2009-12-29T23:10:06Z","timestamp":1262128206000},"page":"82-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Computerized lesion segmentation of breast ultrasound based on marker\u2010controlled watershed transformation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Leija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. V.","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. F. C.","family":"Infantosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. C. A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasonography as adjunct to mammography in the evaluation of breast tumors","volume":"420","author":"Skaane P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Radiol., Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.1.1810177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.1.7784555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.213.2.r99nv05413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2333031484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Breast Imaging","author":"Kopans D. B.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5992.877391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","article-title":"Intraobserver interpretation of breast ultrasonography following the BI\u2010RADS classification","author":"Calas M. J. G.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(99)80115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.808364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Medical Imaging: Processing and Analysis","author":"Bankman I. N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.43.4411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1386426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1485995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00140-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-004-2043-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10851-007-0015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b138439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2007.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00053-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.02.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(88)90061-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.141646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-336156-1.50061-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion","volume":"11","author":"Yu Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","series-title":"Proceedings of EUROCAST","first-page":"960","author":"Alem\u00e1n-Flores M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.392336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.600971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2007.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"The watershed transform: Definitions, algorithms and parallelizations strategies","volume":"41","author":"Roerdink J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fund. Inform."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/384346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition and Applications","first-page":"27","author":"Alem\u00e1n-Flores M.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Application of morphological operators on the segmentation and contour detection of ultrasound breast images","volume":"19","author":"Alvarenga A. V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v9i4.2741"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"1493","article-title":"Stepwise logistic regression analysis of tumor contour features for breast ultrasound diagnosis","volume":"73","author":"Chou Y. H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.730396"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3265959","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3265959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.3265959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T05:04:39Z","timestamp":1694927079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.3265959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.3265959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3265959","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,4]]}}}