{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:13:31Z","timestamp":1791461611732,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,22]],"date-time":"2010-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA136871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA136871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31EB009630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31EB009630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although x\u2010ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of small lesions difficult. Breast computed tomography using flat\u2010panel detectors has been developed to address this limitation by producing three\u2010dimensional data while at the same time providing more comfort to the patients by eliminating breast compression. Flat panels are charge integrating detectors and therefore lack energy resolution capability. Recent advances in solid state semiconductor x\u2010ray detector materials and associated electronics allow the investigation of x\u2010ray imaging systems that use a photon counting and energy discriminating detector, which is the subject of this article.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A small field\u2010of\u2010view computed tomography (CT) system that uses CdZnTe (CZT) photon counting detector was compared to one that uses a flat\u2010panel detector for different imaging tasks in breast imaging. The benefits afforded by the CZT detector in the energy weighting modes were investigated. Two types of energy weighting methods were studied: Projection based and image based. Simulation and phantom studies were performed with a 2.5 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder filled with iodine and calcium contrast objects. Simulation was also performed on a 10 cm breast specimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio improvements as compared to flat\u2010panel detectors were 1.30 and 1.28 (projection based) and 1.35 and 1.25 (image based) for iodine over PMMA and hydroxylapatite over PMMA, respectively. Corresponding simulation values were 1.81 and 1.48 (projection based) and 1.85 and 1.48 (image based). Dose reductions using the CZT detector were 52.05% and 49.45% for iodine and hydroxyapatite imaging, respectively. Image\u2010based weighting was also found to have the least beam hardening effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3312435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T17:28:34Z","timestamp":1267637314000},"page":"1225-1236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe\u2010based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat\u2010panel detectors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Huy Q.","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Ducote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabee","family":"Molloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2463070410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2745921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/15\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/20\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.3.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/30\/6\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(01)00395-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2004.05.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2005.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2005.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2005.03.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/17\/010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/5\/020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/18\/004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Dynamic Dual\u2010Energy X\u2010Ray Techniques for Cardiac Imaging","author":"Molloi S. 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