{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T05:57:45Z","timestamp":1760853465825},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]],"date-time":"2010-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10875047","30700214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10875047","30700214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"Purpose:<\/jats:title>The skeleton makes a significant contribution to the whole body absorbed dose evaluation of rats, since the bone marrow and bone surface in the skeleton express high radiosensitivity and are considered to be important dose\u2010limiting tissues. The bone marrow can be categorized as red bone marrow (RBM) and yellow bone marrow (YBM). It is important to investigate the bone marrow in skeletal dosimetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods:<\/jats:title>Cryosectional color images of the skeleton of a 156 g rat were segmented into mineral bone (including cortical bone and trabecular bone), RBM, and YBM. These three tissue types were identified at 40 different bone sites and integrated into a previously developed voxel\u2010based rat computational phantom. Photon and electron skeletal absorbed fractions were then calculated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results:<\/jats:title>Absorbed fraction (AF) and specific absorbed fraction (SAF) for mineral bone, RBM, and YBM at the 40 different bone sites were established for monoenergetic photon and electron sources placed in 18 organs and seven bone sites. Discrete photon energy was varied from 0.01 to 5.0 MeV in 21 discrete steps, while 21 discrete electron energies were studied, from 0.1 to 10.0 MeV. The trends and values found were consistent with the results of other researchers [M. G. Stabin, T. E. Peterson, G. E. Holburn, and M. A. Emmons, \u201cVoxel\u2010based mouse and rat models for internal dose calculations,\u201d J. Nucl. Med. 47, 655\u2013659 (2006)]. \u2010factors for the radionuclides , , , , and , located in 18 organs and seven bone sites for the skeleton, were calculated and are provided in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>For internal dose calculations, the AF data reveal that the mineral bone in the rat skeletal system is responsible for significant attenuation of gamma rays, especially at low energies. The photon SAF curves of RBM show that, for photon energies greater than 0.6 MeV, there is an increase in secondary photons emitted from the mineral bone as photon energy increases. The SAF values calculated in this study can also be used to determine the absorbed dose to the skeletal system of rats. The\u2010factors generated here will be useful in preclinical targeted radiotherapy experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3380223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T23:31:38Z","timestamp":1272670298000},"page":"2167-2178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Skeletal dosimetry in a voxel\u2010based rat phantom for internal exposures to photons and electrons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Tianwu","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"Voxel\u2010based mouse and rat models for internal dose calculations","volume":"47","author":"Stabin M. 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