{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:12:39Z","timestamp":1779246759719,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA80139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA80139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical efficacy of breast elastography may be limited when the authors employ the assumption that soft tissues exhibit linear, frequency\u2010independent isotropic mechanical properties during the recovery of shear modulus. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the degradation in performance incurred when linear\u2010elastic MR reconstruction methods are applied to phantoms that are fabricated using viscoelastic materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop phantoms with frequency\u2010dependent mechanical properties, the authors measured the complex modulus of two groups of cylindrical\u2010shaped gelatin samples over a wide frequency range (up to 1 kHz) with the established principles of time\u2010temperature superposition (TTS). In one group of samples, the authors added varying amounts of agar (1%\u20134%); in the other group, the authors added varying amounts of sucrose (2.5%\u201320%). To study how viscosity affected the performance of the linear\u2010elastic reconstruction method, the authors constructed an elastically heterogeneous MR phantom to simulate the case where small viscoelastic lesions were surrounded by relatively nonviscous breast tissue. The breast phantom contained four linear, viscoelastic spherical inclusions (10 mm diameter) that were embedded in normal gelatin. The authors imaged the breast phantom with a clinical prototype of a MRE system and recovered the shear\u2010modulus distribution using the overlapping\u2010subzone\u2010linear\u2010elastic image\u2010reconstruction method. The authors compared the recovered shear modulus to that measured using the TTS method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors demonstrated that viscoelastic phantoms could be fabricated by including sucrose in the gelation process and that small viscoelastic inclusions were visible in MR elastograms recovered using a linear\u2010elastic MR reconstruction process; however, artifacts that degraded contrast and spatial resolution were more prominent in highly viscoelastic inclusions. The authors also established that the accuracy of the MR elastograms depended on the degree of viscosity that the inclusion exhibited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated that reconstructing shear modulus from other constitutive laws, such as viscosity, should improve both the accuracy and quality of MR elastograms of the breast.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3454738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,30]],"date-time":"2010-07-30T23:35:12Z","timestamp":1280532912000},"page":"3970-3979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The performance of steady\u2010state harmonic magnetic resonance elastography when applied to viscoelastic materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Marvin M.","family":"Doyley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Perreard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam. 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