{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1791100739617,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB002138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB002138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate anatomical characterization of the breast is useful in breast phantom development and computer modeling of breast imaging technologies. Capitalizing on the three\u2010dimensional capabilities of dedicated breast CT (bCT), a number of parameters which describe breast shape and fibroglandular distribution are defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 219 bCT data sets, the effective diameter and length of the pendant breast as well as the breast volume were measured and characterized for each bra cup size. The volume glandular fraction (VGF) was determined as a function of patient age, BIRADS density, bra cup size, and breast diameter. The glandular fraction was examined in coronal and sagittal planes of the breast, and the radial distribution of breast glandular fraction within a coronal bCT image was examined for three breast regions. The areal glandular fraction (AGF) was estimated from two\u2010dimensional projections of the breast (simulated by projecting bCT data sets) and was compared to the corresponding VGF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The effective breast diameter and length increase with increasing bra cup size. The mean breast diameters (\u00b1 standard error) of bra cup sizes A\/AA, B, C, and D\/DD were <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7147-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7147:mp7147-math-0001\"\/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7147-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7147:mp7147-math-0002\"\/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7147-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7147:mp7147-math-0003\"\/>, and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp7147-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7147:mp7147-math-0004\"\/>, respectively. VGF was lower among older women and those with larger breast diameter and larger bra cup size. VGF increased as a function of the reported BIRADS density. AGF increased with VGF. Fibroglandular tissue was distributed primarily in the central portion of the breast.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast metrics were examined and a number of parameters were defined which may be useful for breast modeling. The reported data may provide researchers with useful information for characterizing the breast for various imaging or dosimetry tasks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3567147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T22:00:35Z","timestamp":1301349635000},"page":"2180-2191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["The characterization of breast anatomical metrics using dedicated breast CT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shih\u2010Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Packard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"McKenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas D.","family":"Prionas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen K.","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.4.000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(98)80561-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"911","article-title":"Mammographic feature generator for evaluation of image analysis algorithms","volume":"3034","author":"Nappi J. J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE \u2010 Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1501143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/22\/006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2128126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"K.Yang A.Kwan G.Burkett andJ. M.Boone \u201cHounsfield units calibration with adaptive compensation of beam hardening for a dose limited breast CT system \u201d inAmerican Association of Physicists in Medicine 28th Annual Meeting Orlando FL 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.713911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3250863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Breast Imaging","author":"Kopans D. 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M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3567147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.3567147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.3567147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1694844326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.3567147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.3567147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3567147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]}}}