{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:00:31Z","timestamp":1782493231418,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]],"date-time":"2013-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":721,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication following total hip arthroplasty. This study was conducted to calculate the radiation dose to organs\u2010at\u2010risk and estimate the probability of cancer induction from radiotherapy for HO prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Hip irradiation for HO with a 6 MV photon beam was simulated with the aid of a Monte Carlo model. A realistic humanoid phantom representing an average adult patient was implemented in Monte Carlo environment for dosimetric calculations. The average out\u2010of\u2010field radiation dose to stomach, liver, lung, prostate, bladder, thyroid, breast, uterus, and ovary was calculated. The organ\u2010equivalent\u2010dose to colon, that was partly included within the treatment field, was also determined. Organ dose calculations were carried out using three different field sizes. The dependence of organ doses upon the block insertion into primary beam for shielding colon and prosthesis was investigated. The lifetime attributable risk for cancer development was estimated using organ, age, and gender\u2010specific risk coefficients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>For a typical target dose of 7 Gy, organ doses varied from 1.0 to 741.1 mGy by the field dimensions and organ location relative to the field edge. Blocked field irradiations resulted in a dose range of 1.4\u2013146.3 mGy. The most probable detriment from open field treatment of male patients was colon cancer with a high risk of 564.3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> to 837.4 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> depending upon the organ dose magnitude and the patient\u02c8s age. The corresponding colon cancer risk for female patients was (372.2\u2013541.0) \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>. The probability of bladder cancer development was more than 113.7 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> and 110.3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> for males and females, respectively. The cancer risk range to other individual organs was reduced to (0.003\u201368.5) \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk for cancer induction from radiation therapy for HO prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty varies considerably by the treatment parameters, organ site in respect to treatment volume and patient\u02c8s gender and age. The presented risk estimates may be useful in the follow\u2010up studies of irradiated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4820366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T09:28:40Z","timestamp":1378891720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cancer risk estimates from radiation therapy for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Michalis","family":"Mazonakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theoharris","family":"Berris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrossyni","family":"Lyraraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Damilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68943-0_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1933","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology","author":"Seegenschmiedt M. 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