{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:11:45Z","timestamp":1789931505261,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":760,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":304,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003360","name":"Geneva Cancer League","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SNSF 31003A-135576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNSF 31003A-135576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003360","name":"Ligue Genevoise Contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SNSF 31003A\u2010135576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNSF 31003A\u2010135576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003360","name":"Ligue Genevoise Contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SNSF 31003A-135576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNSF 31003A-135576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimation of the radiation dose to internal organs is essential for the assessment of radiation risks and benefits to patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures including PET. Respiratory motion induces notable internal organ displacement, which influences the absorbed dose for external exposure to radiation. However, to their knowledge, the effect of respiratory motion on internal radiation dosimetry has never been reported before.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen computational models representing the adult male at different respiratory phases corresponding to the normal respiratory cycle were generated from the 4D dynamic XCAT phantom. Monte Carlo calculations were performed using the <jats:sc>mcnp<\/jats:sc> transport code to estimate the specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) of monoenergetic photons\/electrons, the <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010values of common positron\u2010emitting radionuclides (C\u201011, N\u201013, O\u201015, F\u201018, Cu\u201064, Ga\u201068, Rb\u201082, Y\u201086, and I\u2010124), and the absorbed dose of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG) in 28 target regions for both the static (average of dynamic frames) and dynamic phantoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The self\u2010absorbed dose for most organs\/tissues is only slightly influenced by respiratory motion. However, for the lung, the self\u2010absorbed SAF is about 11.5% higher at the peak exhale phase than the peak inhale phase for photon energies above 50 keV. The cross\u2010absorbed dose is obviously affected by respiratory motion for many combinations of source\u2010target pairs. The cross\u2010absorbed <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010values for the heart contents irradiating the lung are about 7.5% higher in the peak exhale phase than the peak inhale phase for different positron\u2010emitting radionuclides. For <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG, organ absorbed doses are less influenced by respiratory motion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiration\u2010induced volume variations of the lungs and the repositioning of internal organs affect the self\u2010absorbed dose of the lungs and cross\u2010absorbed dose between organs in internal radiation dosimetry. The dynamic anatomical model provides more accurate internal radiation dosimetry estimates for the lungs and abdominal organs based on realistic modeling of respiratory motion. This work also contributes to a better understanding of model\u2010induced uncertainties in internal radiation dosimetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4898118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T00:32:15Z","timestamp":1414110735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of respiratory motion on internal radiation dosimetry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tianwu","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/EBK1420059793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860600907345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v9i1.2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.129.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u201080\u20105\u2010593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146\u20106453(03)00002\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.056036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3480985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"D. 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