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Fat mass index (FMI, kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), fat\u2010free mass index (FFMI, kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and percent fat mass may be useful to evaluate under\u2010 and overnutrition and muscle development in a clinical or research environment. This proof\u2010of\u2010concept study tested whether frontal whole\u2010body silhouettes could be used to accurately measure body composition parameters using active shape modeling (ASM) techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Binary shape images (silhouettes) were generated from the skin outline of dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole\u2010body scans of 200 healthy children of ages from 6 to 16 yr. The silhouette shape variation from the average was described using an ASM, which computed principal components for unique modes of shape. Predictive models were derived from the modes for FMI, FFMI, and percent fat using stepwise linear regression. The models were compared to simple models using demographics alone [age, sex, height, weight, and body mass index z\u2010scores (BMIZ)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors found that 95% of the shape variation of the sampled population could be explained using 26 modes. In most cases, the body composition variables could be predicted similarly between demographics\u2010only and shape\u2010only models. However, the combination of shape with demographics improved all estimates of boys and girls compared to the demographics\u2010only model. The best prediction models for FMI, FFMI, and percent fat agreed with the actual measures with R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> adj. (the coefficient of determination adjusted for the number of parameters used in the model equation) values of 0.86, 0.95, and 0.75 for boys and 0.90, 0.89, and 0.69 for girls, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole\u2010body silhouettes in children may be useful to derive estimates of body composition including FMI, FFMI, and percent fat. These results support the feasibility of measuring body composition variables from simple cameras such as those found in cell phones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4926557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:32:06Z","timestamp":1437006726000},"page":"4668-4677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Accurate body composition measures from whole\u2010body silhouettes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Bowen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus I.","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett K.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Gilsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hangartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Kalkwarf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Lappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Oberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Winer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babette","family":"Zemel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of the double burden of malnutrition in six case study countries","volume":"84","author":"Kennedy G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"FAO Food Nutr. 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