{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:00:28Z","timestamp":1770562828051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoluminal ultrasound may serve as a minimally invasive option for delivering thermal ablation to pancreatic tumors adjacent to the stomach or duodenum. The objective of this study was to explore the basic feasibility of this treatment strategy through the design, characterization, and evaluation of proof\u2010of\u2010concept endoluminal ultrasound applicators capable of placement in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen for volumetric pancreas ablation under MR guidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two variants of the endoluminal applicator, each containing a distinct array of two independently powered transducers (10 \u00d7 10 mm 3.2 MHz planar; or 8 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 20 mm radius of curvature 3.3 MHz curvilinear geometries) at the distal end of a meter long flexible catheter assembly, were designed and fabricated. Transducers and circulatory water flow for acoustic coupling and luminal cooling were contained by a low\u2010profile polyester balloon covering the transducer assembly fixture. Each applicator incorporated miniature spiral MR coils and mechanical features (guiding tips and hinges) to facilitate tracking and insertion through the GI tract under MRI guidance. Acoustic characterization of each device was performed using radiation force balance and hydrophone measurements. Device delivery into the upper GI tract, adjacent to the pancreas, and heating characteristics for treatment of pancreatic tissue were evaluated in MR\u2010guided <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> porcine experiments. MR guidance was utilized for anatomical target identification, tracking\/positioning of the applicator, and MR temperature imaging (MRTI) for PRF\u2010based multislice thermometry, implemented in the real\u2010time RTHawk software environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Force balance and hydrophone measurements indicated efficiencies of 48.8% and 47.8% and \u22123 dB intensity beam\u2010widths of 3.2 and 1.2 mm for the planar and curvilinear transducers, respectively. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> studies on whole\u2010porcine carcasses revealed capabilities of producing ablative temperature rise (\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> &gt; 15\u2009\u00b0C) contours in pancreatic tissue 4\u201340 mm long and 4\u201328 mm wide for the planar transducer applicator (1\u201313 min sonication duration, \u223c4 W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> applied acoustic intensity). Curvilinear transducers produced more selective heating, with a narrower \u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> &gt; 15\u2009\u00b0C contour length and width of up to 1\u201324 mm and 2\u20137 mm, respectively (1\u20137 min sonication duration, \u223c4 W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> applied acoustic intensity). Active tracking of the miniature spiral coils was achieved using a Hadamard encoding tracking sequence, enabling real\u2010time determination of each coil's coordinates and automated prescription of imaging planes for thermometry. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> MRTI\u2010guided heating trials in three pigs demonstrated capability of \u223c20\u2009\u00b0C temperature elevation in pancreatic tissue at 2 cm depths from the applicator, with 5\u20137 W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> applied intensity and 6\u201316 min sonication duration. Dimensions of thermal lesions in the pancreas ranged from 12 to 28 mm, 3 to 10 mm, and 5 to 10 mm in length, width, and depth, respectively, as verified through histological analysis of tissue sections. Multiple\u2010baseline reconstruction and respiratory\u2010gated acquisition were demonstrated to be effective strategies in suppressing motion artifacts for clear evolution of temperature profiles during MRTI in the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of generating volumetric ablation in pancreatic tissue using endoluminal ultrasound applicators positioned in the stomach lumen. MR guidance facilitates target identification, device tracking\/positioning, and treatment monitoring through real\u2010time multislice PRF\u2010based thermometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4953632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T19:16:47Z","timestamp":1466018207000},"page":"4184-4197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Endoluminal ultrasound applicators for MR\u2010guided thermal ablation of pancreatic tumors: Preliminary design and evaluation in a porcine pancreas model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasant A.","family":"Salgaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Plata\u2010Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurea","family":"Pascal\u2010Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Bouley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim Butts","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Diederich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/205325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Early clinical experience using high intensity focused ultrasound for palliation of inoperable pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Xiong L. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pancreas"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i9.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers2031419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.995238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.976773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2362041105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1006269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301\u20105629(99)00157\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479\u20105876\u20106\u201028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100032\u20101310061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1009180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142\u2010200006000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010007\u20100646\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658\u2010199602000\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmr.b.10068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5805-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"C. L.DumoulinandR. D.Darrow U.S. patent No. 6 289 233 (11 September 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2332354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1924314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1119892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100031\u20101299329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31818bfda1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000153334.65729.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"578","article-title":"The pancreas and respiration: Oblivious to the obvious","volume":"7","author":"Bhasin D. K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pancreas"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270\u2010003\u20100079\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002619900070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522\u20102594(200003)43:3\u00a1342::AID\u2010MRM4\u00bf3.0.CO;2\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/48\/1\/303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/50\/21\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22328"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.4953632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.4953632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.4953632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1118\/1.4953632","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/chorus\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.4953632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.4953632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T18:23:58Z","timestamp":1696357438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.4953632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.4953632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4953632","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-03","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-15","order":6,"name":"published","label":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}