{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T13:15:40Z","timestamp":1770556540009,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,4]],"date-time":"1998-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":154,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Using a <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp8434-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp8434:mp8434-math-0002\"\/> applicator for brachytherapy for the reduction of recurrence rates after pterygium excisions has been an effective therapeutic procedure. Accurate knowledge of the dose being applied to the affected area on the sclera has been lacking, and for decades inaccurate estimates for lens dose have thus been made. Small errors in the assumptions which are required to make these estimates lead to dose rates changing exponentially because of the attenuation of beta particles. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to evaluate the assumptions that are now being used for the calculation of the surface dose rate and the corresponding determination of lens dose. For an ideal <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mp8434-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp8434:mp8434-math-0003\"\/> applicator, results from this study indicate dose rates to the most radiosensitive areas of the lens ranging from 8.8 to 15.5 cGy\/s. This range is based on different eye dimensions that ultimately corresponds to a range in distance between the applicator surface and the germinative epithelium of the lens of 2\u20133 mm. Furthermore, the conventional 200 cGy threshold for whole lens cataractogenesis is questioned for predicting complications from scleral brachytherapy. The dose to the germinative epithelium should be used for studying radiocataractogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:01:01Z","timestamp":1027692061000},"page":"29-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Calculating lens dose and surface dose rates from  ophthalmic applicators using Monte Carlo modeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Gleckler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Silberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90234-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Robert L. Pauli P. Gysin B. Gloor and P. Hendrickson \u201cProtracted ruthenium treatment of recurrent pterygium \u201d Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.230 233\u2013236 (1992).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Frucht\u2010Pery and M. Ilsar \u201cThe use of low\u2010dose mitomycinfor prevention of recurrent pterygium \u201d Ophthalmology101 759\u2013762 (1994).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31269-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. J. Neal C. Irwin and H. F. Hope\u2010Stone \u201cThe role of strontium\u201090 beta irradiation in the management of pterygium \u201d Clin. Oncol.3 105\u2013109 (1991).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)81177-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.2.2296667"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90687-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. D. MacKenzie L. W. Hirst B. Kynaston and C. Bain \u201cRecurrence rate and complications after beta irradiation for pterygia \u201d Ophthalmology98 1776\u20131780 (1991).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90146-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-44-519-203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Calibration of beta\u2010particle radiation instrumentation and sources","author":"Pruitt J. S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"NBS Spec. Publ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.2.1987626"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.4.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090070065021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Wesberry Jr. and J. M. Wesberry Sr. \u201cOptimal use of beta irradiation in the treatment of pterygium \u201d Southern Med. J.86 633\u2013637 (June 1993).","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199306000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"G. R. Merriam Jr. and B. V. Worgul \u201cExperimental radiation cataract\u2014Its clinical relevance \u201d Bull. New York Acad. Med.59 372\u2013392 (1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"H. Cember Introduction to Health Physics(McGraw\u2010Hill New York 1992) pp. 418\u2013419."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/66.2.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"J. Selman \u201cSurface therapy with beta particles \u201d inThe Basic Physics of Radiation Therapy(Thomas Springfield IL 1976) pp. 467\u2013471."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90968-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/20\/2\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-29-337-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"G. R. Merriam Jr. and E. Focht \u201cA clinical study of radiation cataracts and the relationship to dose \u201d The Amer. J. Of Roentgenology Radium Therapy and Nuclear Med. Vol. LXXVII No. 5 May (1957)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. R. Merriam Jr. A. Szechter and E. Focht \u201cThe effects of ionizing radiations on the eye \u201d Frontiers Radiat. Ther. Oncol.6 346\u2013385 (1972).","DOI":"10.1159\/000392817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/79.4.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"840","volume":"99","author":"Moriarty A. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596693"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/28\/11\/005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"E. Browne and R. B. Firestone Table of Radioactive Isotopes(Wiley New York 1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"ICRP 26 Recommendations of the International Committee on Radiological Protection(Pergamon Oxford 1977)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"T. D. Duane and E. A. Jaeger Clinical Ophthalmology Vol. 1 revised ed. (Harper and Row Philadelphia 1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Duke\u2010Elder System of Ophthalmology: Volume V Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction(C. V. Mosby St. Louis 1970).","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197104000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"W. H. Spencer Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook Vol. 1 3rd ed. (W. B. Saunders Philadelphia 1985)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"P. D. Trevor\u2010Roper The Eye and its Disorders 3rd ed. (Blackwell Scientific Oxford 1974)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"ICRP 23 Report of the Task Group on Reference Man(Pergamon Oxford 1975)."}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.598434","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.598434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.598434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T11:45:35Z","timestamp":1696506335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.598434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.598434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.598434","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}