{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:15:20Z","timestamp":1761110120822},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":699,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":243,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowing the contribution of neutron to collateral effects in treatments is both a complex and a mandatory task. This work aims to present an operative procedure for neutron estimates in any facility using a neutron digital detector.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors\u2019 previous work established a linear relationship between the total second cancer risk due to neutrons (TR<jats:sup><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) and the number of MU of the treatment. Given that the digital detector also presents linearity with MU, its response can be used to determine the TR<jats:sup><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> per unit MU, denoted as <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>, normally associated to a generic Linac model and radiotherapy facility. Thus, from the number of MU of each patient treatment, the associated risk can be estimated. The feasibility of the procedure was tested by applying it in eight facilities; patients were evaluated as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the reading of the detector under selected irradiation conditions, <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic> values were obtained for different machines, ranging from 0.25 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>% per MU for an Elekta Axesse at 10 MV to 6.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>% per MU for a Varian Clinac at 18 MV. Using these values, TR<jats:sup><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> of patients was estimated in each facility and compared to that from the individual evaluation. Differences were within the range of uncertainty of the authors\u2019 methodology of equivalent dose and risk estimations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The procedure presented here allows an easy estimation of the second cancer risk due to neutrons for any patient, given the number of MU of the treatment. It will enable the consideration of this information when selecting the optimal treatment for a patient by its implementation in the treatment planning system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4903525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1419367176000},"page":"276-281","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Commissioning the neutron production of a Linac: Development of a simple tool for second cancer risk estimation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Romero\u2010Exp\u00f3sito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Terr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Grishchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sand\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Moral\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Melchor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Doblado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"NCRP \u201cNeutron contamination from medical accelerators \u201d NCRP Report 79(National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Bethesda 1984)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/50\/24\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP Publication 103)","author":"ICRP","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"AAPM \u201cNeutron measurements around high energy x\u2010ray radiotherapy machines \u201d AAPM Report 19(Medical Physics Publishing New York NY 1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/54\/17\/013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2140119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20108140(99)00079\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/57\/19\/6167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/55\/4\/008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026\u20102714(00)00218\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2010.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1109\/RADECS.2011.6131330","volume-title":"12th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems\u2013RADECS, Seville","author":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Ortega E.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII\u2014Phase 2","author":"NRC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(11)70061\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3367012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2012.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4898591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4735555"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.4903525","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1118%2F1.4903525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1118\/1.4903525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T12:01:47Z","timestamp":1694952107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1118\/1.4903525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1118\/1.4903525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4903525","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}