{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T17:11:52Z","timestamp":1756573912076},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This experiment assessed the benefits of suppression and the impact of reduced or absent suppression on speech recognition in noise. Psychophysical suppression was measured in forward masking using tonal maskers and suppressors and band limited noise maskers and suppressors. Subjects were 10 younger and 10 older adults with normal hearing, and 10 older adults with cochlear hearing loss. For younger subjects with normal hearing, suppression measured with noise maskers increased with masker level and was larger at 2.0 kHz than at 0.8 kHz. Less suppression was observed for older than younger subjects with normal hearing. There was little evidence of suppression for older subjects with cochlear hearing loss. Suppression measured with noise maskers and suppressors was larger in magnitude and more prevalent than suppression measured with tonal maskers and suppressors. The benefit of suppression to speech recognition in noise was assessed by obtaining scores for filtered consonant-vowel syllables as a function of the bandwidth of a forward masker. Speech-recognition scores in forward maskers should be higher than those in simultaneous maskers given that forward maskers are less effective than simultaneous maskers. If suppression also mitigated the effects of the forward masker and resulted in an improved signal-to-noise ratio, scores should decrease less in forward masking as forward-masker bandwidth increased, and differences between scores in forward and simultaneous maskers should increase, as was observed for younger subjects with normal hearing. Less or no benefit of suppression to speech recognition in noise was observed for older subjects with normal hearing or hearing loss. In general, as suppression measured with tonal signals increased, the combined benefit of forward masking and suppression to speech recognition in noise also increased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1403699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:09:06Z","timestamp":1027692546000},"page":"2108-2119","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychophysical suppression effects for tonal and speech signals"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Judy R.","family":"Dubno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 39 Sabin Street, P.O. Box 250150, Charleston, South Carolina\u200929425"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayne B.","family":"Ahlstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 39 Sabin Street, P.O. Box 250150, Charleston, South Carolina\u200929425"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071409593964200_ans89"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_bac82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2503.339","article-title":"Auditory processing of vowels by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"25","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_bev96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(96)00091-3","article-title":"Effects of aspirin on human psychophysical tuning curves in forward and simultaneous masking","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_blu80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383890","article-title":"Perceptual invariance and onset spectra for stop consonants in different vowel environments","volume":"67","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_coo95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)00180-X","article-title":"Nonlinear mechanics at the apex of the guinea-pig cochlea","volume":"82","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_del90a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398891","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms of psychophysical masking: Observations from auditory-nerve fibers","volume":"87","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_del90b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90106-Y","article-title":"Two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Dependence on suppressor frequency and level","volume":"49","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dir90a","first-page":"91","article-title":"Articulation index importance and transfer functions for several speech materials","volume":"32","year":"1990","journal-title":"Asha"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dir90b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2028957","article-title":"Problems in the prediction of speech recognition among normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"88","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dub01a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1381023","article-title":"Forward- and simultaneous-masked thresholds in bandlimited maskers in subjects with normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dub01b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1381024","article-title":"Psychophysical suppression measured with bandlimited noise extended below and\/or above the signal: Effects of age and hearing loss","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dub87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1121\/1.394758","article-title":"Effects of hearing loss on utilization of short-duration spectral cues in stop consonant recognition","volume":"81","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dor87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395194","article-title":"Effects of spectral flattening on vowel recognition","volume":"82","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dub92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1121\/1.403697","article-title":"Comparison of frequency selectivity and consonant recognition among hearing-impaired and masked normal-hearing listeners","volume":"91","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_dub95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1121\/1.413057","article-title":"Frequency selectivity and consonant recognition for hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners with equivalent masked thresholds","volume":"97","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_gif00","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428499","article-title":"Contributions of suppression and excitation to simultaneous masking: Effects of signal frequency and masker-signal frequency relation","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_gre93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1121\/1.406696","article-title":"A maximum-likelihood method for estimating thresholds in a yes-no task","volume":"93","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_hic99a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1121\/1.424526","article-title":"Psychophysical measures of auditory nonlinearities as a function of frequency in individuals with normal hearing","volume":"105","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_hic99b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427146","article-title":"Effects of aspirin on psychophysical measures of frequency selectivity, two-tone suppression, and growth of masking","volume":"106","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_hou74"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_kew83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1121\/1.389402","article-title":"Perception of static and dynamic acoustic cues to place of articulation in initial stop consonants","volume":"73","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_lee98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423315","article-title":"Psychophysical suppression as a function of signal frequency: Noise and tonal maskers","volume":"104","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_lee00","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428653","article-title":"Experience with a yes\u2013no single-interval maximum-likelihood procedure","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_mil83"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_moo83a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1121\/1.389273","article-title":"Growth of forward masking for sinusoidal and noise maskers as a function of signal delay; implications for suppression in noise","volume":"73","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_moo83b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1121\/1.389015","article-title":"Masking patterns for synthetic vowels in simultaneous and forward masking","volume":"73","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_moo86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1121\/1.394087","article-title":"Comparisons of frequency selectivity in simultaneous and forward masking for subjects with unilateral cochlear impairments","volume":"80","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_moo97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1121\/1.419638","article-title":"The role of spread of excitation and suppression in simultaneous masking","volume":"102","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_nef85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1121\/1.392653","article-title":"Stimulus parameters governing confusion effects in forward masking","volume":"78","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_oxe98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423933","article-title":"Suppression and the upward spread of masking","volume":"104","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_rho93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90257-2","article-title":"Two-tone suppression and distortion products on the basilar membrane in the hook region of cat and guinea pig cochleae","volume":"66","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_sac68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910947","article-title":"Two-tone inhibition in auditory-nerve fibers","volume":"43","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_sha76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381007","article-title":"Two-tone unmasking and suppression in a forward-masking situation","volume":"59","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_som98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1121\/1.421220","article-title":"Auditory suppression and frequency selectivity in older and younger adults","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_thi91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400722","article-title":"Performance of hearing-impaired persons on auditory enhancement tasks","volume":"89","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_tur89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3201.49","article-title":"The relation between vowel recognition and measures of frequency resolution","volume":"32","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_tyl82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1121\/1.387354","article-title":"Preliminary study of simultaneous-masking and pulsation-threshold patterns of vowels","volume":"71","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_van87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1121\/1.394511","article-title":"Vowel identification and vowel masking patterns of hearing-impaired subjects","volume":"81","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071409593964200_wig77"},{"key":"2023071409593964200_wri96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1121\/1.417213","article-title":"Correlated individual differences in conditions used to measure psychophysical suppression and signal enhancement","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/110\/4\/2108\/9366417\/2108_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/110\/4\/2108\/9366417\/2108_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T10:05:27Z","timestamp":1689329127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/110\/4\/2108\/547414\/Psychophysical-suppression-effects-for-tonal-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1403699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]}}}