{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:18:50Z","timestamp":1785194330197,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) elicited by tones below 60\u201370 dB sound pressure level (SPL) are significantly more sensitive to cochlear insults. The vulnerable, low-level DPOAE have been associated with the postulated active cochlear process, whereas the relatively robust high-level DPOAE component has been attributed to the passive, nonlinear macromechanical properties of the cochlea. However, it is proposed that the differences in the vulnerability of DPOAEs to high and low SPLs is a natural consequence of the way the cochlea responds to high and low SPLs. An active process boosts the basilar membrane (BM) vibrations, which are attenuated when the active process is impaired. However, at high SPLs the contribution of the active process to BM vibration is small compared with the dominating passive mechanical properties of the BM. Consequently, reduction of active cochlear amplification will have greatest effect on BM vibrations and DPOAEs at low SPLs. To distinguish between the \u201ctwo sources\u201d and the \u201csingle source\u201d hypotheses we analyzed the level dependence of the notch and corresponding phase discontinuity in plots of DPOAE magnitude and phase as functions of the level of the primaries. In experiments where furosemide was used to reduce cochlear amplification, an upward shift of the notch supports the conclusion that both the low- and high-level DPOAEs are generated by a single source, namely a nonlinear amplifier with saturating\u2008I\/O\u2008characteristic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1479151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:25:43Z","timestamp":1027693543000},"page":"2740-2748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["One source for distortion product otoacoustic emissions generated by low- and high-level primaries"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Andrei N.","family":"Lukashkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1\u20099QG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Lukashkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1\u20099QG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1\u20099QG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071408490922000_ash87","first-page":"323","article-title":"A fast motile response in guinea-pig outer hair cells: The cellular basis of the cochlear amplifier","volume":"338","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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