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It also allows for reconciliation of lumped-element mechanics with continuum mechanics, but in this reconciliation the oscillation region is restricted to a nearly rectangular glottis (as in all low-dimensional models) and a small effective thickness of vibration (&amp;lt;3 mm). The model is controlled by normalized activation levels of the cricothyroid (CT), thyroarytenoid (TA), lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles, and lung pressure. An empirically derived set of rules converts these muscle activities into physical quantities such as vocal fold strain, adduction, glottal convergence, mass, thickness, depth, and stiffness. Results show that oscillation regions in muscle activation control spaces are similar to those measured by other investigations on human subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1496080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,5]],"date-time":"2002-09-05T15:32:04Z","timestamp":1031239924000},"page":"1064-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Rules for controlling low-dimensional vocal fold models with muscle activation"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Ingo R.","family":"Titze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Voice and Speech, and Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242"},{"name":"The Wilbur James Gould Voice Research Center, Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Denver, Colorado\u200980204"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad H.","family":"Story","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071407212832600_ali83"},{"key":"2023071407212832600_ali91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1121\/1.401924","article-title":"Elastic models of vocal fold tissues","volume":"90","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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