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The models explain published data, take into account the effects of supraglottal tremor, demonstrate the modulation distortion owing to vocal tract filtering, establish conditions under which noise cues of different speech signals may be compared, and predict the impossibility of inferring the spectral properties of the frequency modulating noise from the spectral properties of the frequency modulation noise (e.g., phonatory jitter and frequency tremor). The general conclusion is that only phonatory frequency modulation noise is spectrally relevant. Other types of noise in speech are either epiphenomenal, or their spectral effects are masked by the spectral effects of frequency modulation noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1523384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,9]],"date-time":"2003-01-09T16:39:37Z","timestamp":1042130377000},"page":"553-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spectral models of additive and modulation noise in speech and phonatory excitation signals"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Schoentgen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.-D. 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