{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:49:55Z","timestamp":1759938595522},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Input-output (I\/O) functions for stimulus-frequency (SFOAE) and distortion-product (DPOAE) otoacoustic emissions were recorded in 30 normal-hearing adult ears using a nonlinear residual method. SFOAEs were recorded at half octaves from 500\u20138000 Hz in an L1=L2 paradigm with L2=0 to 85 dB SPL, and in a paradigm with L1 fixed and L2 varied. DPOAEs were elicited with primary levels of Kummer et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3431\u20133444 (1998)] at f2 frequencies of 2000 and 4000 Hz. Interpretable SFOAE responses were obtained from 1000\u20136000 Hz in the equal-level paradigm. SFOAE levels were larger than DPOAEs levels, signal-to-noise ratios were smaller, and I\/O functions were less compressive. A two-slope model of SFOAE I\/O functions predicted the low-level round-trip attenuation, the breakpoint between linearity and compression, and compressive slope. In ear but not coupler recordings, the noise at the SFOAE frequency increased with increasing level (above 60 dB SPL), whereas noise at adjacent frequencies did not. This suggests the existence of a source of signal-dependent noise producing cochlear variability, which is predicted to influence basilar-membrane motion and neural responses. A repeatable pattern of notched SFOAE I\/O functions was present in some ears, and explained using a two-source mechanism of SFOAE generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1592799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T03:43:06Z","timestamp":1059709386000},"page":"944-966","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Input\u2013output functions for stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions in normal-hearing adult ears"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Kim S.","family":"Schairer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska\u200968131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska\u200968131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 555 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska\u200968131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071321582419800_all80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385198","article-title":"Cochlear micromechanics\u2014A physical model of transduction","volume":"68","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. 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