{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:03:22Z","timestamp":1791209002638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Relationships between exposure to noise [metric: day-night level (DNL) or day-evening-night level (DENL)] from a single source (aircraft, road traffic, or railways) and annoyance based on a large international dataset have been published earlier. Also for stationary sources relationships have been assessed. Here the annoyance equivalents model concerning noise annoyance from combined sources and the underlying assumptions are presented. The model first translates the noise from the individual sources into the equally annoying sound levels of a reference source, road traffic, and then sums these levels giving total level L. The annoyance from the combined sources is found by substituting exposure L in the road traffic exposure-annoyance relationship. The most important assumption, independence of the contributions of the sources, is discussed. It appears that independence will be violated substantially only due to the effect of the presence or absence of a quiet side of a building, which is not incorporated in the model. For use in practice, the application of the model is broken down in five steps. The step by step procedure can be used for the assessment of the total noise level and the associated total annoyance on the basis of the DNL or DENL values of the individual sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1766305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,2]],"date-time":"2004-08-02T22:35:34Z","timestamp":1091486134000},"page":"949-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Relationship between exposure to multiple noise sources and noise annoyance"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Henk M. E.","family":"Miedema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO Inro, Department Environment and Health, P.O. Box 6041, 2600\u2009JA\u2009Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071404533707100_acz87"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_bove03","first-page":"1496","article-title":"Fuzzy models for accumulation of reported community noise annoyance from combined sources","volume":"112","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_del97"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_ec02a"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_ec02b"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_fie98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423770","article-title":"Reactions to environmental noise in an ambient noise context in residential areas","volume":"104","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_hol71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(71)90003-4","article-title":"A note on conjoint measurement","volume":"8","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Math. Psychol."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_iso02"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_joha00"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_kret71"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_kry82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388332","article-title":"Community annoyance from aircraft and ground vehicle noise","volume":"72","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_mie87"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_mie96"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_mivo98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423927","article-title":"Exposure-response relationships for transportation noise","volume":"104","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_miou01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109409","article-title":"Annoyance from transportation noise: Relationships with exposure metrics DNL and DENL and their confidence intervals","volume":"109","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_mivo04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1755241","article-title":"Noise annoyance from stationary sources: Relationships with exposure metric DENL and their confidence intervals","volume":"116","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_nar85"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_riiz86","first-page":"325","article-title":"Factors affecting the annoyance of combinations of noise sources","volume":"8","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_scet96"},{"key":"2023071404533707100_sch78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382013","article-title":"Synthesis of social surveys on noise annoyance","volume":"64","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_tay82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-460X(82)90181-X","article-title":"A comparison of models to predict annoyance reactions to noise from mixed sources","volume":"81","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023071404533707100_vos92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402823","article-title":"Annoyance caused by simultaneous impulse, road traffic, and aircraft sounds: A quantitative model","volume":"91","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/116\/2\/949\/8094506\/949_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/116\/2\/949\/8094506\/949_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T04:57:51Z","timestamp":1689310671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/116\/2\/949\/544950\/Relationship-between-exposure-to-multiple-noise"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1766305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}}}