{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T17:08:02Z","timestamp":1706461682372},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Using a combination of in vivo computerized tomography and histological staining, a middle ear anomaly in two wild-caught American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) is characterized. In these animals, the tympanic membrane, extrastapes, and pars media (shaft) of the stapes are absent on one side of the head, with the other side exhibiting normal morphology. The pars interna (footplate) of the stapes and the operculum are present in their normal positions at the entrance of the otic capsule on both the affected and unaffected sides. The pattern of deformity suggests a partial failure of development of tympanic pathway tissues, but with a preservation of the opercularis pathway. While a definitive proximate cause of the condition could not be determined, the anomalies show similarities to developmental defects in mammalian middle ear formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1944627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T17:37:53Z","timestamp":1123263473000},"page":"1166-1171","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optical and tomographic imaging of a middle ear malformation in the bullfrog (<i>Rana catesbeiana<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Seth S.","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, , Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Megela","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, , Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene R.","family":"Ketten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department, , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 and Department of Otology and Laryngology, , Boston, Massachusetts 02114"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Biology Department, , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 and Department of Otology and Laryngology, , Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023073120334992500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620171222","article-title":"Effects of ultraviolet light and methoprene on survival and development of Rana pipiens","volume":"17","year":"1998","journal-title":"Envir. 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