{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:36:22Z","timestamp":1791164182311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a simple model, the reed of the clarinet is mechanically loaded by the series combination of the acoustical impedances of the instrument itself and of the player\u2019s airway. Here we measure the complex impedance spectrum of players\u2019 airways using an impedance head adapted to fit inside a clarinet mouthpiece. A direct current shunt with high acoustical resistance allows players to blow normally, so the players can simulate the tract condition under playing conditions. The reproducibility of the results suggest that the players\u2019 \u201cmuscle memory\u201d is reliable for this task. Most players use a single, highly stable vocal tract configuration over most of the playing range, except for the altissimo register. However, this \u201cnormal\u201d configuration varies substantially among musicians. All musicians change the configuration, often drastically for \u201cspecial effects\u201d such as glissandi and slurs: the tongue is lowered and the impedance magnitude reduced when the player intends to lower the pitch or to slur downwards, and vice versa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2041287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,31]],"date-time":"2005-10-31T15:11:49Z","timestamp":1130771509000},"page":"3306-3315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects?"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW , School of Physics, NSW 2052 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW , School of Physics, NSW 2052 Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023073103354954500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1121\/1.392556","article-title":"The effect of the player\u2019s vocal tract on woodwind instrument tone","volume":"78","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c2","article-title":"Air column, reed and player\u2019s windway interaction in musical instruments","volume-title":"Vocal Fold Physiology","author":"Titze","year":"1983"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c3","unstructured":"P.\u2008Hoekje, \u201cIntercomponent energy exchange and upstream\/downstream symmetry in nonlinear self-sustained oscillations of reed instruments,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 1986."},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c4","first-page":"67","article-title":"The role of the vocal tract resonance in clarinet playing","volume":"14","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acoust. Aust."},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.\u2008Wilson, \u201cThe measured upstream impedance for clarinet performance and its role in sound production,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, 1996.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415472"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908803","article-title":"Vibration of the reed and the air column in the clarinet","volume":"33","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c7","first-page":"239","article-title":"Laryngeal movement while playing wind instruments","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c8"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1903418","article-title":"Input impedance curves for the reed woodwind instruments","volume":"56","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. 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Voice"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c15","volume-title":"Theoretical Acoustics","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c16","volume-title":"The Physics of Musical Instruments","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415960","article-title":"Vocal tract area functions from magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073103354954500_c18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1204(199805\/06)11:3<133::AID-JNM298>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Development of the transmission line matrix method in acoustics applications to higher modes in the vocal tract and other complex ducts","volume":"11","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Model."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/118\/5\/3306\/15277400\/3306_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/118\/5\/3306\/15277400\/3306_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T03:36:00Z","timestamp":1690774560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/118\/5\/3306\/897610\/How-do-clarinet-players-adjust-the-resonances-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.2041287","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]}}}