{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:37:09Z","timestamp":1762375029034},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial similarity of vocal tract shaping patterns across speakers and the similarity of their acoustic effects. Vocal tract area functions for 11 American English vowels were obtained from six speakers, three female and three male, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each speaker\u2019s set of area functions was then decomposed into mean area vectors and representative modes (eigenvectors) using principal components analysis (PCA). Three modes accounted for more than 90% of the variance in the original data sets for each speaker. The general shapes of the first two modes were found to be highly correlated across all six speakers. To demonstrate the acoustic effects of each mode, both in isolation and combined, a mapping between the mode scaling coefficients and [F1, F2] pairs was generated for each speaker. The mappings were unique for all six speakers in terms of the exact shape of the [F1, F2] vowel space, but the general effect of the modes was the same in each case. The results support the idea that the modes provide a common system for perturbing a unique underlying neutral vocal tract shape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2118367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1134155008000},"page":"3834-3859","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Synergistic modes of vocal tract articulation for American English vowels"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Brad H.","family":"Story","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona Speech Acoustics Laboratory, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, , Tucson, Arizona 85721"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080301204238000_c2","volume-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production","year":"1960"},{"issue":"2,3","key":"2023080301204238000_c3","first-page":"171","article-title":"Coordination and coarticulation in speech production","volume":"36","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lang Speech"},{"key":"2023080301204238000_c4","first-page":"4","article-title":"Some organizational characteristics of speech movement control","volume":"37","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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