{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:55:13Z","timestamp":1791075313992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The didjeridu, or yidaki, is a simple tube about 1.5m long, played with the lips, as in a tuba, but mostly producing just a tonal, rhythmic drone sound. The acoustic impedance spectra of performers\u2019 vocal tracts were measured while they played and compared with the radiated sound spectra. When the tongue is close to the hard palate, the vocal tract impedance has several maxima in the range 1\u20133kHz. These maxima, if sufficiently large, produce minima in the spectral envelope of the sound because the corresponding frequency components of acoustic current in the flow entering the instrument are small. In the ranges between the impedance maxima, the lower impedance of the tract allows relatively large acoustic current components that correspond to strong formants in the radiated sound. Broad, weak formants can also be observed when groups of even or odd harmonics coincide with bore resonances. Schlieren photographs of the jet entering the instrument and high speed video images of the player\u2019s lips show that the lips are closed for about half of each cycle, thus generating high levels of upper harmonics of the lip frequency. Examples of the spectra of \u201ccircular breathing\u201d and combined playing and vocalization are shown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2146089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T20:35:39Z","timestamp":1138912539000},"page":"1194-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vocal tract resonances and the sound of the Australian didjeridu (yidaki) I. Experiment"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Alex Z.","family":"Tarnopolsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neville H.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia and Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, , Canberra 0200, Australia"},{"name":"Australian National University School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia and Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, , Canberra 0200, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd C. L.","family":"Hollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne School of Physics, , Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales School of Physics, , Sydney NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023072723032916200_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2004.05.005","article-title":"Some insights into the acoustics of the didjeridu","volume":"65","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. 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