{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:23:53Z","timestamp":1787016233022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Perception of second language speech sounds is influenced by one\u2019s first language. For example, speakers of American English have difficulty perceiving dental versus retroflex stop consonants in Hindi although English has both dental and retroflex allophones of alveolar stops. Japanese, unlike English, has a contrast similar to Hindi, specifically, the Japanese \/d\/ versus the flapped \/r\/ which is sometimes produced as a retroflex. This study compared American and Japanese speakers' identification of the Hindi contrast in CV syllable contexts where C varied in voicing and aspiration. The study then evaluated the participants\u2019 increase in identifying the distinction after training with a computer-interactive program. Training sessions progressively increased in difficulty by decreasing the extent of vowel truncation in stimuli and by adding new speakers. Although all participants improved significantly, Japanese participants were more accurate than Americans in distinguishing the contrast on pretest, during training, and on posttest. Transfer was observed to three new consonantal contexts, a new vowel context, and a new speaker\u2019s productions. Some abstract aspect of the contrast was apparently learned during training. It is suggested that allophonic experience with dental and retroflex stops may be detrimental to perception of the new contrast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2161427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T10:12:04Z","timestamp":1141207924000},"page":"1684-1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Training the perception of Hindi dental and retroflex stops by native speakers of American English and Japanese"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"John S.","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Corporation , One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Department of Psychology, , 4200 Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winifred","family":"Strange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of New York Ph.D. Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences, Graduate School and University Center, , New York, New York 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023072820510218900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8234-6","article-title":"Emergence of language-specific constraints in perception of non-native speech perception: A window on early phonological development","volume-title":"Developmental Neurocognition: Speech And Face Processing In The First Year Of Life","author":"de Boysson-Bardies","year":"1993"},{"key":"2023072820510218900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2387.003.0011","article-title":"The emergence of native-language phonological influences in infants: A perceptual assimilation model","volume-title":"The Development of Speech Perception: The Transition from Speech Sounds to Spoken Words","author":"Goodman","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023072820510218900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0096-1523.14.3.345","article-title":"Examination of perceptual reorganization for nonnative speech contrasts: Zulu click perception by English-speaking adults and infants","volume":"14","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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