{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1772022431924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although electrolarynx (EL) serves as an important method of phonation for the laryngectomees, the resulting speech is of poor intelligibility due to the presence of a steady background noise caused by the instrument, even worse in the case of additive noise. This paper investigates the problem of EL speech enhancement by taking into account the frequency-domain masking properties of the human auditory system. One approach is incorporating an auditory masking threshold (AMT) for parametric adaptation in a subtractive-type enhancement process. The other is the supplementary AMT (SAMT) algorithm, which applies a cross-correlation spectral subtraction (CCSS) approach as a post-processing scheme to enhancing EL speech dealt with the AMT method. The performance of these two algorithms was evaluated as compared to the power spectral subtraction (PSS) algorithm. The best performance of EL speech enhancement was associated with the SAMT algorithm, followed by the AMT algorithm and the PSS algorithm. Acoustic and perceptual analyses indicated that the AMT and SAMT algorithms achieved the better performances of noise reduction and the enhanced EL speech was more pleasant to human listeners as compared to the PSS algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2203592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T14:35:02Z","timestamp":1158330902000},"page":"398-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Application of spectral subtraction method on enhancement of electrolarynx speech"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Hanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi\u2019an, 710049, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi\u2019an, 710049, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxi","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi\u2019an, 710049, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, , Xi\u2019an, 710049, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071308030470900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00183-8","article-title":"Evaluation of an auditory masked threshold noise suppression algorithm in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1959.tb01591.x","article-title":"An experimental transistorized artificial larynx","volume":"38","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c3","first-page":"208","article-title":"Enhancement of speech corrupted by acoustic noise","volume-title":"IEEE Proc. ICASSP-79","year":"1979"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1979.1163209","article-title":"Suppression of acoustic noise in speech using spectral subtraction","volume":"27","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c5","first-page":"780","article-title":"ISO-MPEG-1 audio: A generic standard for coding of high quality digital audio","volume":"42","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/97.988717","article-title":"Noise estimation by minima controlled recursive averaging for robust speech enhancement","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c7","first-page":"491","article-title":"Application of noise reduction techniques for alaryngeal speech enhancement","volume-title":"IEEE Proc. TENCON-97","year":"1997"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1984.1164453","article-title":"Speech enhancement using a minimum mean-square error short-time spectral amplitude estimator","volume":"32","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c9","first-page":"764","article-title":"Enhancement of alaryngeal speech by adaptive filtering","volume-title":"IEEE Proc. ICSLP-96","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4106.1253","article-title":"Enhancement of electrolaryngeal speech by adaptive filtering","volume":"41","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1109\/89.326618","article-title":"Morphological constrained feature enhancement with adaptive cepstral compensation (MCE-ACC) for speech recognition in noise and Lombard effect","volume":"2","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3833","DOI":"10.1121\/1.413108","article-title":"Robust estimation of speech in noisy backgrounds based on aspects of the auditory process","volume":"97","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(83)90045-X","article-title":"A comparison of the intelligibility of esophageal, electrolarynx, and normal speech in quiet and in noise","volume":"16","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c14","first-page":"673","article-title":"A cross-correlation technique for enhancement speech corrupted with correlated noise","volume-title":"IEEE Proc. ICASSP-01","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1109\/49.608","article-title":"Transform coding of audio signals using perceptual noise criteria","volume":"6","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(73)90015-4","article-title":"The effects of training in comprehension of electrolaryngeal speech","volume":"6","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3501.62","article-title":"The laryngectomee and the artificial larynx\u2013A second look","volume":"35","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023071308030470900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1979.11540","article-title":"Enhancement and bandwidth compression of noisy speech","volume":"67","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023071308030470900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.872821","article-title":"Enhancement of electrolarynx speech based on auditory masking","volume":"53","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(92)90016-Z","article-title":"Experiments with a nonlinear spectral subtractor (NSS), hidden Markov models and projection, for robust recognition in cars","volume":"11","year":"1992","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1980.1163394","article-title":"Speech enhancement using a soft decision noise suppression filter","volume":"28","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/97.475827","article-title":"Dual-channel iterative speech enhancement with constraints on an auditory-based spectrum","volume":"3","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071308030470900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02349975","article-title":"Enhancement of electrolarynx speech using adaptive noise cancelling based on independent component analysis","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02367611","article-title":"Improved Laboratory Prototype electrolarynx (LAPEL): using inverse filtering of frequency response function of the human throat","volume":"21","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1109\/5.842996","article-title":"Perceptual coding of digital audio","volume":"88","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c26","first-page":"59l","article-title":"Enhancement of alaryngeal speech using spectral subtraction","volume-title":"IEEE DSP 2002","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c27","first-page":"408","article-title":"Reduction of background noise in alaryngeal speech using spectral subtraction with quantile based noise estimation","volume-title":"7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3406.1250","article-title":"Low-frequency energy deficit in electrolaryngeal speech","volume":"34","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c29","first-page":"95","article-title":"Acoustic analysis of artificial electronic larynx speech","volume-title":"Electroacoustics Analysis and Enhancement of Alaryngeal Speech","author":"Seikey","year":"1982"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383662","article-title":"Optimizing digital speech coders by exploiting masking properties of the human ear","volume":"66","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c31","first-page":"359","article-title":"Speech enhancement using psycho-acoustic criteria","volume-title":"IEEE Proc. ICASSP-93","year":"1993"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c32","first-page":"479","article-title":"Speech enhancement based on audible noise suppression","volume":"5","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c33","first-page":"81","article-title":"Speech parameter extraction in noisy environment using a masking model","volume-title":"Proc. ICASSP-94","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1109\/89.748118","article-title":"Single channel speech enhancement based on masking properties of the human auditory system","volume":"7","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process."},{"key":"2023071308030470900_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382697","article-title":"Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of speech produced with an electronic artificial larynx","volume":"65","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/398\/13841749\/398_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/398\/13841749\/398_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T08:58:27Z","timestamp":1689238707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/120\/1\/398\/539549\/Application-of-spectral-subtraction-method-on"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.2203592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]}}}