{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:37:43Z","timestamp":1790933863410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Time-domain speed-of-sound (SOS) measurements in calcaneus are effective predictors of osteoporotic fracture risk. High attenuation and dispersion in bone, however, produce severe distortion of transmitted pulses that leads to ambiguity of time-domain SOS measurements. An equation to predict the effects of system parameters (center frequency and bandwidth), algorithm parameters (pulse arrival-time marker), and bone properties (attenuation coefficient and thickness) on time-domain SOS estimates is derived for media with attenuation that varies linearly with frequency. The equation is validated using data from a bone-mimicking phantom and from 30 human calcaneus samples in vitro. The data suggest that the effects of dispersion are small compared with the effects of frequency-dependent attenuation. The equation can be used to retroactively compensate data. System-related variations in SOS are shown to decrease as the pulse-arrival-time marker is moved toward the pulse center. Therefore, compared with other time-domain measures of SOS, group velocity exhibits the minimum system dependence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2735811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T02:26:34Z","timestamp":1183688794000},"page":"636-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The dependence of time-domain speed-of-sound measurements on center frequency, bandwidth, and transit-time marker in human calcaneus<i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Wear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Devices and Radiological Health, HFZ-140, 12720 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023072621480991800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900059","article-title":"Influence of marrow on ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in bovine trabecular bone","volume":"58","year":"1996","journal-title":"Calcif. 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