{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:54:27Z","timestamp":1788386067288,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sixteen groups of chinchillas (N=140) were exposed to various equivalent energy noise paradigms at 100dB(A) or 103dB(A) SPL. Eleven groups received an interrupted, intermittent, and time varying (IITV) non-Gaussian exposure quantified by the kurtosis statistic. The IITV exposures, which lasted for 8h\u2215day, 5days\u2215week for 3weeks, were designed to model some of the essential features of an industrial workweek. Five equivalent energy reference groups were exposed to either a Gaussian or non-Gaussian 5days, 24h\u2215day continuous noise. Evoked potentials were used to estimate hearing thresholds and surface preparations of the organ of Corti quantified the sensory cell population. For IITV exposures at an equivalent energy and kurtosis, the temporal variations in level did not alter trauma and in some cases the IITV exposures produced results similar to those found for the 5day continuous exposures. Any increase in kurtosis at a fixed energy was accompanied by an increase in noise-induced trauma. These results suggest that the equal energy hypothesis is an acceptable approach to evaluating noise exposures for hearing conservation purposes provided that the kurtosis of the amplitude distribution is taken into consideration. Temporal variations in noise levels seem to have little effect on trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2775160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T22:21:15Z","timestamp":1190845275000},"page":"2245-2254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Hearing loss from interrupted, intermittent, and time varying non-Gaussian noise exposure: The applicability of the equal energy hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Roger P.","family":"Hamernik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Plattsburgh Auditory Research Laboratory, , 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, New York 12901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Plattsburgh Auditory Research Laboratory, , 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, New York 12901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Plattsburgh Auditory Research Laboratory, , 107 Beaumont Hall, Plattsburgh, New York 12901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080404572074700_c1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Equivalent-continuous noise level as a measure of injury from impact and impulse noise","volume":"14","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c2","first-page":"456","article-title":"Intermittent noise and equal energy hypothesis","volume-title":"Noise Induced Hearing Loss","author":"Dancer","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90107-4","article-title":"Protection against noise trauma by pre-exposure to a low-level acoustic stimulus","volume":"34","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1121\/1.401309","article-title":"Recent studies of temporary threshold shift (TTS) and permanent threshold shift (PTS) in animals","volume":"90","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395261","article-title":"Effects of periodic rest on hearing loss and cochlear damage following exposure to noise","volume":"82","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c6","first-page":"327","article-title":"A comparison of the permanent deleterious effects of intense noise on the chinchilla resulting from either continuous or intermittent exposure","volume-title":"Effects of Noise on Hearing","author":"Henderson","year":"1976"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1121\/1.401677","article-title":"Hearing loss in the chinchilla from impact and continuous noise exposure","volume":"90","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c8","article-title":"Criteria for short time exposureof personnel to high intensity jet aircraft noise","year":"1955"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-195803000-00026","article-title":"A laboratory method for the study of acoustic trauma","volume":"68","year":"1958","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945906800309","article-title":"Acosutic trauma following intermittent exposure to tones","volume":"68","year":"1959","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385688","article-title":"A frequency-position map for the chinchilla cochlea","volume":"69","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c12","volume-title":"Structural Pattern of the Organ of Corti","year":"1966"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c13","volume-title":"Hearing in Vertebrates","year":"1988"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1121\/1.423056","article-title":"Interrupted noise exposures: Threshold shift dynamics and permanent effects","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00204-5","article-title":"Correlation among evoked potential thresholds, otoacoustic emissions and cochlear sensory cell loss following various noise exposures in the chinchilla","volume":"150","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1582446","article-title":"The effects of the amplitude distribution of equal energy exposures on noise-induced hearing loss: The kurtosis metric","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1689961","article-title":"Noise-induced haircell loss and total exposure energy: Analysis of a large data set","volume":"115","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1914321","article-title":"Evoked response audibility curve of the chinchilla","volume":"54","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398795","article-title":"A generalized approach to random noise synthesis: Theory and computer simulation","volume":"87","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3397\/1.2827778","article-title":"Performance characteristics of a phase domain approach to random noise synthesis","volume":"36","year":"1991","journal-title":"Noise Control Eng. J."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c21","article-title":"Acoustics: Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414885","article-title":"Applicability of the Leq as a damage-risk criterion: An animal experiment","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deafening effects of noise on the cat","volume":"176","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Suppl."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00126-9","article-title":"Exponential onset and recovery of temporary threshold shift after loud sound: Evidence for long term inactivation of mechano-electrical transduction channels","volume":"125","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2434692","article-title":"Hearing loss from interrupted, intermittent, and time varying Gaussian noise exposures: The applicability of the equal energy hypothesis","volume":"121","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2372455","article-title":"The kurtosis metric as an adjunct to energy in the prediction of trauma from continuous, nonGaussian noise exposures","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(82)80018-5","article-title":"Psychophysical and evoked-response tuning curves in the chinchilla","volume":"3","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023080404572074700_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1121\/1.391305","article-title":"Noise levels and hearing thresholds in the drop forging industry","volume":"76","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/122\/4\/2245\/15284306\/2245_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/122\/4\/2245\/15284306\/2245_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T05:12:28Z","timestamp":1691125948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/122\/4\/2245\/982750\/Hearing-loss-from-interrupted-intermittent-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.2775160","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}}}