{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:49:52Z","timestamp":1790920192268,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a re-analysis of x rays of speakers producing Swedish vowels, midsagittal pharyngeal dimensions were predicted from anterior tongue positions using procedures based on estimated tongue pellet positions. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the number of pellet degrees of freedom from eight to three prior to applying linear regression from these three independent variables to dependent vocal tract midsagittal cross distances. Except for the regions around the laryngopharynx and uvula, the pharynx dimensions were predictable from linear regressions and were significant at the p&amp;lt;0.05 level. Numerical experiments show that it is crucial to reduce the number of independent variables in tests of statistical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2816579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,4]],"date-time":"2008-01-04T23:32:17Z","timestamp":1199489537000},"page":"336-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predicting midsagittal pharyngeal dimensions from measures of anterior tongue position in Swedish vowels: Statistical considerations"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Michel T.-T.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CReSS LLC , 1 Seaborn Place, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CReSS LLC , 1 Seaborn Place, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080221571479700_c1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Principal components analysis of x-ray microbeam data for articulatory recovery","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c2","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","year":"2003","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c3","first-page":"120","article-title":"Formants and cavities","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","author":"Zwirner","year":"1965"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381581","article-title":"Factor analysis of tongue shapes","volume":"62","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c5","first-page":"483","volume-title":"Statistics","year":"1982","edition":"3rd Ed."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c6","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Statistics: Methods and Applications","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428053","article-title":"On the lingual organization of the German vowel system","volume":"106","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396979","article-title":"Analysis of tongue positions: Language-specific and cross-linguistic models","volume":"84","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c9","unstructured":"Jacobsen, L. (1978). DhoLuo Vowel Harmony: A Phonetic Investigation, University of California, Los Angeles, Ph.D. dissertation."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1121\/1.410280","article-title":"Determination of sagittal tongue shape from the positions of points on the tongue surface","volume":"96","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(86)90003-8","article-title":"X-ray microbeam method for the measurement of articulatory dynamics: Techniques and results","volume":"5","year":"1986","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)31047-2","article-title":"The feature expanded","volume":"7","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c13","first-page":"82","article-title":"Methodological studies using an x-ray microbeam system","volume":"72","year":"1989","journal-title":"UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c14","first-page":"191","year":"1978"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2037-8","article-title":"Compensatory articulation during speech: Evidence from the analysis and synthesis of vocal-tract shapes using an articulatory model","volume-title":"Speech Production and Speech Modeling","author":"Hardcastle","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1642624","article-title":"Development of [\u0279] in young, Midwestern, American children","volume":"115","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1121\/1.411435","article-title":"Regenerating the spectral shapes of [s] and [\u222b] from a limited set of articulatory parameters","volume":"96","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414968","article-title":"Two cross-linguistic factors underlying tongue shape for vowels","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404204","article-title":"Electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) systems for transducing speech articulatory movements","volume":"92","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414986","article-title":"Functional data analyses of lip motion","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c21","first-page":"11","article-title":"Dynamic characteristics of tongue movement in the production of connected vowels","volume":"12","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Bull., Res. Inst. Logop. Phoniatr., Univ. Tokyo"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c22","article-title":"Estimation of articulatory motion","volume-title":"Dynamic Aspects of Speech Production","author":"Sawashima","year":"1978"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2730621","article-title":"Time-dependence of vocal tract modes during production of vowels and vowel sequences","volume":"121","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c24","unstructured":"Sundberg, J. (1969). \u201cArticulatory differences between spoken and sung vowels in singers,\u201d Stockholm Royal Institute of Technology, Speech Transmission Laboratory\/Quarterly Progress and Status Reports 1, 33\u201346."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.1996.0022","article-title":"An MRI-based study of pharyngeal volume contrasts in Akan and English","volume":"24","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1121\/1.408638","article-title":"On coordinate systems and the representation of articulatory movements","volume":"95","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4203.592","article-title":"Predicting midsagittal pharynx shape from tongue position during vowel production","volume":"42","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023080221571479700_c28","unstructured":"Zerling, J.-P. (1979). Articulation et Coarticulation dans les Groupes Occlusive-Voyelle en Fran\u00e7ais (Articulation and Coarticulation in Occlusive-Vowel Groups in French). Th\u00e8se de Troisi\u00e8me Cycle, Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, France."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/123\/1\/336\/14066699\/336_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/123\/1\/336\/14066699\/336_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T21:57:35Z","timestamp":1691013455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/123\/1\/336\/959103\/Predicting-midsagittal-pharyngeal-dimensions-from"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.2816579","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]}}}