{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:30:23Z","timestamp":1790440223320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) of the voiced speech signal has implicitly been used to infer information regarding the turbulent noise level at the glottis. However, two problems exist for inferring glottal noise attributes from the HNR of the speech wave form: (i) the measure is fundamental frequency (f0) dependent for equal levels of glottal noise, and (ii) any deviation from signal periodicity affects the ratio, not just turbulent noise. An alternative harmonics-to-noise ratio formulation [glottal related HNR (GHNR\u2019)] is proposed to overcome the former problem. In GHNR\u2019 a mean over the spectral range of interest of the HNRs at specific harmonic\/between-harmonic frequencies (expressed in linear scale) is calculated. For the latter issue [(ii)] two spectral tilt measures are shown, using synthesis data, to be sensitive to glottal noise while at the same time being comparatively insensitive to other glottal aperiodicities. The theoretical development predicts that the spectral tilt measures reduce as noise levels increase. A conventional HNR estimator, GHNR\u2019 and two spectral tilt measures are applied to a data set of 13 pathological and 12 normal voice samples. One of the tilt measures and GHNR\u2019 are shown to provide statistically significant differentiating power over a conventional HNR estimator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2832651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T18:53:20Z","timestamp":1205261600000},"page":"1642-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Investigation of a glottal related harmonics-to-noise ratio and spectral tilt as indicators of glottal noise in synthesized and human voice signals"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Limerick Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, , Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin G.","family":"McGuigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, , 123 St. Stephen\u2019s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Educational Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Colreavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s University Hospital , Temple St., Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071220060937700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2005.01.007","article-title":"Estimation of the vocal tract transfer function with application to glottal wave analysis","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023071220060937700_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(97)00020-4","article-title":"Parabolic spectral parameter\u2014A new method for quantification of the glottal flow","volume":"22","year":"1997","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"2023071220060937700_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402044","article-title":"Voice quality factors: Analysis, synthesis, and perception","volume":"90","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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