{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T17:03:22Z","timestamp":1751562202968},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An acoustic analysis of a German read-speech corpus showed that utterance-final \/t\/ aspirations differ systematically depending on the accompanying nuclear accent contour. Two contours were included: Terminal-falling early and late F0 peaks in terms of the Kiel Intonation Model. They correspond to H+L*L\u2212% and L*+HL\u2212% within the autosegmental metrical (AM) model. Aspirations in early-peak contexts were characterized by (a) \u201cshort\u201d, (b) \u201chigh-intensity\u201d noise with (c) \u201clow\u201d frequency values for the spectral energy maximum above the lower spectral energy boundary. The opposite holds for aspirations accompanying late-peak productions. Starting from the acoustic analysis, a perception experiment was performed using a variant of the semantic differential paradigm. The stimuli were varied in the duration and intensity pattern as well as the spectral energy pattern of the final \/t\/ aspiration. Results revealed that the different noise patterns found in connection with early and late peak productions were able to change the attitudinal meaning of the stimuli toward the meaning profile of the respective F0 peak category. This suggests that final aspirations can be part of the coding of meanings, so far solely associated with intonation contours. Hence, the traditionally separated segmental and suprasegmental coding levels seem to be more intertwined than previously thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2940588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T22:35:14Z","timestamp":1217975714000},"page":"1252-1263","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Coding of intonational meanings beyond F0: Evidence from utterance-final \/t\/ aspiration in German"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Niebuhr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrecht-University Institute of Phonetics and Digital Speech Processing (IPDS), , Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023072802445234800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110803877","article-title":"Tonal experiments with whispered Thai","volume-title":"Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics to the Memory of Pierre Delattre","author":"Valdman","year":"1972"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000090098","article-title":"Between fall and fall-rise: Substance-function relations in German phrase-final intonation contours","volume":"62","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.1997.0063","article-title":"Stability of tonal alignment: The case of Greek prenuclear accents","volume":"26","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c4","volume-title":"Swedish word accents in sentence perspective","year":"1977"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000261936","article-title":"Effects of time pressure on the phonetic realization of the Dutch accent-lending pitch rise and fall","volume":"50","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c6","article-title":"About the relationship between eyebrows movements and F0 variations","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 1996","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c7","article-title":"How to obtain and process perceptual judgements on intonational meaning?","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c8","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Semantic features of accent contours: Effects of F0 peak position and F0 time shape","volume-title":"Proceedings of 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c9","article-title":"Prosodic rise and rise-fall contours and musical rising two-tone patterns","volume-title":"Proceedings of 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c10","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effect of tone height on jaw and tone articulation in Mandarin Chinese","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c11","first-page":"29","article-title":"Production and perception of f0 peak patterns in German","volume":"25","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIPUK"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c12","unstructured":"Grabe, E. (1998). \u201cComparative intonational phonology: English and German,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deutsche Intonation und GToBI (German Intonation and GToBI)","volume":"181","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ling. Berichte"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c14","first-page":"630","article-title":"Notes on Swedish word tones","volume-title":"Proceedings of 4th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","year":"1962"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4203.583","article-title":"Acoustical-perceptual correlates of \u2018whisper pitch\u2019 in synthetically generated vowels","volume":"42","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30625-4","article-title":"The influence of pitch range, duration, amplitude and spectral features on the interpretation of the rise-fall-rise intonation contour in English","volume":"20","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4809114","article-title":"Production and perception of whispered vowels","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2037-8","article-title":"Segmental reduction in connected speech in German; phonological facts and phonetic explanations","volume-title":"Speech Production and Speech Modelling","author":"Hardcastle","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c19","first-page":"295","article-title":"A model of German intonation","volume":"25","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIPUK"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30307-9","article-title":"Prosody in speech synthesis: the interplay between basic research and TTS application","volume":"19","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000090091","article-title":"Timing and communicative functions of pitch contours","volume":"62","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110914641","article-title":"Paradigms in experimental prosodic analysis: from measurement to function","volume-title":"Methods in empirical prosody research","author":"Sudhoff","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2346009","article-title":"Temporal and spectral cues in Mandarin tone recognition","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4781611","article-title":"Spectral properties of Japanese whispered vowels referred to pitch","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c25","article-title":"Hearing and seeing beats. The influence of visual beats on the production and perception of prominence","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c26","first-page":"153","article-title":"Perception of estonian word prosody in whispered speech","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Prosody Conference","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c27","first-page":"249","article-title":"Phonological conditioning of F0 target alignment","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c28","volume-title":"Vowels and consonants\u2014an introduction to the sounds of language","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c29","volume-title":"Principles of phonetics","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(03)00045-7","article-title":"Variable domains and variable relevance: Interpreting phonetic exponents","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30661-8","article-title":"The effect of linguistic content upon the discrimination of pitch in monotone stimuli","volume":"14","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023274823974","article-title":"Pitch and manual gestures","volume":"27","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Psycholinguist. Res."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908631","article-title":"Realization of Prosodic Features in Whispered Speech","volume":"29","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c34","first-page":"297","article-title":"Articulatory and acoustic correlates of prenuclear and nuclear accents","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c35","first-page":"315","article-title":"How to tell beans from farmers: cues to the perception of pitch accent in whispered Norwegian","volume":"31.2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nordlyd"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c36","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Perceptual study of timing variables in F0 peaks","volume-title":"Proceedings of 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c37","first-page":"733","article-title":"Intrinsic pitch in opening and closing diphthongs of German","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c38","first-page":"109","article-title":"The role of the accented-vowel onset in the perception of German early and medial peaks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perzeption und kognitive Verarbeitung der Sprechmelodie. Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Untersuchungen","volume-title":"Language, Context, and Cognition VII","author":"Steube","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000107915","article-title":"The signaling of German rising-falling intonation categories\u2014the interplay of synchronization, shape, and height","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c41","first-page":"161","article-title":"Alignment of medial and late peaks in German spontaneous speech","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c42","unstructured":"Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1980). \u201cThe phonology and phonetics of English intonation,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c43","first-page":"90","article-title":"Lenition of \/h\/ and glottal stop","volume-title":"Papers in Laboratory Phonology II","author":"Docherty","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c44","volume-title":"Tone Languages","year":"1948"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1121\/1.393199","article-title":"Effects of signal envelope on the pitch of short sinusoidal tones","volume":"79","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c46","article-title":"Optical cues to the visual perception of lexical and phrase stress in English","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Speech Prosody","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c47","first-page":"43","article-title":"Spectra of fricative noise in human speech","volume":"3","year":"1960","journal-title":"Iowa Dent. Bull."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385592","article-title":"Differential sensitivity to pitch distance, particularly in speech","volume":"69","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c49","volume-title":"A perceptual study of intonation. An experimental-phonetic approach to speech melody","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1911712","article-title":"Perceived pitch in whispered vowels","volume":"46","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3629-4","article-title":"Some aspects of the sound of speech sounds","volume-title":"The Psychophysics of Speech Perception","author":"Schouten","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c52","unstructured":"van Rossum, M. A. (2005). \u201cProsody in alaryngeal speech,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025100301001025","article-title":"Some non-sequential phenomena in German function words","volume":"31","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Int. Phonetic Assoc."},{"key":"2023072802445234800_c54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000261901","article-title":"Information for Mandarin tones in the amplitude contour and in brief segments","volume":"49","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phonetica"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/124\/2\/1252\/14783714\/1252_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/124\/2\/1252\/14783714\/1252_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:45:32Z","timestamp":1690512332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/124\/2\/1252\/840713\/Coding-of-intonational-meanings-beyond-F0-Evidence"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.2940588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}}}