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Tissue environment was evaluated and adjustments made in order to sustain cell life for short term experimentation up to 6h. Cell nutrient medium evaporation, osmolality, pH, and cell viability of cells cultured in three-dimensional synthetic scaffolds were quantified under comparably challenging environments to the rheometer bioreactor for 4 or 6h. The functionality of the rheometer bioreactor was demonstrated by applying three vibration regimes to cell-seeded three-dimensional substrates for 2h. Resulting strain was quantified throughout the test period. Rheologic data and cell viability are reported for each condition, and future improvements are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2973183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T22:47:16Z","timestamp":1224110836000},"page":"2330-2339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cell viability viscoelastic measurement in a rheometer used to stress and engineer tissues at low sonic frequencies"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Klemuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa National Center for Voice and Speech at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, , Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanyukta","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa National Center for Voice and Speech at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, , Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo R.","family":"Titze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa National Center for Voice and Speech at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, , Iowa City, Iowa 52242 and The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Denver, Colorado 80201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023080401595109200_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10569","article-title":"Formation of steady-state oxygen gradients in vitro","volume":"82","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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