{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:51:52Z","timestamp":1790099512190,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the completion of an interlaboratory study to compare two fitting protocols specified by ANSI S12.6-1997 (R2002) [(2002). American National Standard Methods for the Measuring Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors, American National Standards Institute, New York]. Six hearing protection devices (two earmuffs, foam, premolded, custom-molded earplugs, and canal-caps) were tested in six laboratories using the experimenter-supervised, Method A, and (na\u00efve) subject-fit, Method B, protocols with 24 subjects per laboratory. Within-subject, between-subject, and between-laboratory standard deviations were determined for individual frequencies and A-weighted attenuations. The differences for the within-subject standard deviations were not statistically significant between Methods A and B. Using between-subject standard deviations from Method A, 3\u201312 subjects would be required to identify 6-dB differences between attenuation distributions. Whereas using between-subject standard deviations from Method B, 5\u201319 subjects would be required to identify 6-dB differences in attenuation distributions of a product tested within the same laboratory. However, the between-laboratory standard deviations for Method B were \u22120.1to3.0dB less than the Method A results. These differences resulted in considerably more subjects being required to identify statistically significant differences between laboratories for Method A (12\u2013132 subjects) than for Method B (9\u201328 subjects).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3095803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]],"date-time":"2009-05-06T22:22:56Z","timestamp":1241648576000},"page":"3262-3277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Results of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\u2014U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Interlaboratory Comparison of American National Standards Institute S12.6-1997 Methods A and B"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Hearing Loss Prevention Team, , 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-27, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Hearing Loss Prevention Team, , 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-27, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Gauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bose Corporation , MS271E, 145 Pennsylvania Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701-9168"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Ahroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory , 6901 Andrews Avenue, P.O. Box 620577, Fort Rucker, Alabama 36362-0577"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aearo Technologies , 7911 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268-1657"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir N. Y.","family":"Gerges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Laborat\u00f3rio de Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es e Ac\u00fastica, (LARI and LAEPI), , Cx. P. 476, CEP 88040-900, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Effectiveness Directorate , AFRL\/HECB, 2610 7th Street, Building 441, Dayton, Ohio 45433"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Leight Industries , 7828 Waterville Road, San Diego, California 92154"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology, , 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-22, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","reference":[{"key":"2023071720070051100_c1","author":"ANSI S12.6-1997 (R2002)","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c2","author":"ANSI S12.68","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c3","author":"ANSI S12.6-2008","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c4","first-page":"665","article-title":"Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part III. The validity of using subject-fit data","volume":"102","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c5","author":"EPA","year":"1972"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c6","author":"EPA","year":"1978"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c7","unstructured":"Frost\n           and Sullivan (2005). \u201cU.S. markets for industrial hearing protection products,\u201d Technical Report, December 13 (Frost and Sullivan, San Antonio)."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c8","unstructured":"Gauger, D., and Berger, E. H. (2004). \u201cA new hearing protector rating: The noise reduction statistic for use with A-weighting (NRSA),\u201d Technical Report No. E-A-R 04-01\/HP, American National Standards Institute, New York. This report can be found online at the following URL web URL http:\/\/www.e-a-r.com\/pdf\/hearingcons\/TO4_01EPA.pdf."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c9","first-page":"89","article-title":"New directions for custom earplugs","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c10","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Hearing Protectors Part 1: Subjective method for the measurement of sound attenuation","author":"ISO 4869-1","year":"1990"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c11","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Hearing Protectors Part 2: Estimation of effective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing protectors are worn","author":"ISO 4869-2","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c12","article-title":"Acoustics\u2014Hearing Protectors Part 5: Method for estimation of noise reduction using fitting by inexperienced test subjects","author":"ISO 4869-5","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c13","first-page":"20","article-title":"Simplified methods for estimating hearing protector performance","volume":"8","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sound Vib."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c14","unstructured":"Kroes, P., Fleming, R., and Lempert, B. (1975). \u201cList of personal hearing protectors and attenuation data,\u201d Technical Report Publication No. 76-120, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1461835","article-title":"Hearing protector attenuation: Models of attenuation distributions","volume":"111","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1633559","article-title":"Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimation of the field attenuation of hearing protection devices: Sample size necessary to provide acceptable reproducibility","volume":"115","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c17","first-page":"970","volume-title":"Applied Linear Statistical Models: Regression, Analysis of Variance, and Experimental Designs","year":"1990","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c18","author":"OSHA","year":"1983"},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c19","first-page":"838","article-title":"A Nordic round robin test on hearing protectors. The influence of the sound field on measured REAT attenuation","volume":"90","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Acust."},{"key":"2023071720070051100_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414729","article-title":"Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part I. Research of Working Group 11, Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. 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