{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:26:24Z","timestamp":1776230784273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of human ear with structures of the external ear canal, middle ear, and cochlea has been developed recently. In this paper, the FE model was used to predict the effect of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations on sound transmission through the middle ear. Two perforations were made in the posterior-inferior quadrant and inferior site of the TM in the model with areas of 1.33 and 0.82mm2, respectively. These perforations were also created in human temporal bones with the same size and location. The vibrations of the TM (umbo) and stapes footplate were calculated from the model and measured from the temporal bones using laser Doppler vibrometers. The sound pressure in the middle ear cavity was derived from the model and measured from the bones. The results demonstrate that the TM perforations can be simulated in the FE model with geometrical visualization. The FE model provides reasonable predictions on effects of perforation size and location on middle ear transfer function. The middle ear structure-function relationship can be revealed with multi-field coupled FE analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3129129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]],"date-time":"2009-07-15T22:52:11Z","timestamp":1247698331000},"page":"243-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Finite element modeling of sound transmission with perforations of tympanic membrane"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Rong Z.","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Center, , Norman, Oklahoma 73019"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Center, , Norman, Oklahoma 73019"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenkai","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Center, , Norman, Oklahoma 73019"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Center, , Norman, Oklahoma 73019"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hough Ear Institute , 3400 N.W. 56th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072008370120400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00240-9","article-title":"Human middle-ear sound transfer function and cochlear impedance","volume":"152","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100088162","article-title":"Hearing loss in perforations of the tympanic membrane","volume":"93","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199601000-00014","article-title":"The effect of tympanic membrane perforation size on umbo velocity in the rat","volume":"106","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381892","article-title":"Modeling of the cat eardrum as a thin shell using the finite-element method","volume":"63","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2793699","article-title":"Multi-field finite element analysis for sound transmission in otitis with effusion","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ABME.0000030260.22737.53","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element modeling of human ear for sound transmission","volume":"32","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200407000-00005","article-title":"Human middle ear transfer function measured by double laser interferometry system","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2005.07.018","article-title":"Acoustic-structural coupled finite element analysis for sound transmission in human ear\u2014Pressure distributions","volume":"28","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9366-y","article-title":"Modeling of sound transmission from ear canal to cochlea","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200301000-00004","article-title":"The effect of prosthesis design on vibration of the reconstructed analysis of four prostheses","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1451073","article-title":"Modeling of the human middle ear using the finite-element method","volume":"111","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000176177.17636.53","article-title":"Determinants of hearing loss in perforations of the tympanic membrane","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(96)00023-8","article-title":"Acoustic input impedance of the stapes and cochlea in human temporal bones","volume":"97","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00251.x","article-title":"Chronic tympanic membrane perforation: a better animal model is needed","volume":"15","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-002-0014-z","article-title":"Computer-integrated finite element modeling of human middle ear","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1394195","article-title":"Middle-ear function with tympanic-membrane perforations. I. Measurements and mechanisms","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/000164801300043343","article-title":"How do tympanic-membrane perforations affect human middle-ear sound transmission","volume":"121","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1394196","article-title":"Middle-ear function with tympanic-membrane perforations. II. A simple model","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2769617","article-title":"Non-ossicular signal transmission in human middle ears: Experimental assessment of the \u2018acoustic route\u2019 with perforated tympanic membranes","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404211","article-title":"Analysis of dynamic behavior of human middle ear using a finite method","volume":"92","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072008370120400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918382","article-title":"Analysis of the middle ear function. Part I. Input impedance","volume":"34","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/126\/1\/243\/13424441\/243_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/126\/1\/243\/13424441\/243_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T08:37:09Z","timestamp":1689842229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/126\/1\/243\/675543\/Finite-element-modeling-of-sound-transmission-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3129129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]}}}