{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T09:07:47Z","timestamp":1775984867490,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a previous study it was shown that an on-frequency precursor intended to activate the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) at the signal frequency reduces the gain estimated from growth-of-masking (GOM) functions. This is called the temporal effect (TE). In Expt. 1 a shorter method of measuring this change in gain is established. GOM functions were measured with an on- and off-frequency precursor presented before the masker and signal, and used to estimate Input\/Output functions. The change in gain estimated in this way was very similar to that estimated from comparing two points measured with a single fixed masker level on the lower legs of the GOM functions. In Expt. 2, the TE was measured as a function of precursor duration and signal delay. For short precursor durations and short delays the TE increased (buildup) or remained constant as delay increased, then decreased. The TE also increased with precursor duration for the shortest delay. The results were fitted with a model based on the time course of the MOCR. The model fitted the data well, and predicted the buildup. This buildup is not consistent with exponential decay predicted by neural adaptation or persistence of excitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3473695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]],"date-time":"2010-09-07T13:30:24Z","timestamp":1283866224000},"page":"1203-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The time course of cochlear gain reduction measured using a more efficient psychophysical technique"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Elin","family":"Roverud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2038"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2038"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071520185886300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2169918","article-title":"Time-course of the human medial olivocochlear reflex","volume":"119","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428443","article-title":"Effects of ipsilateral and contralateral precursors on the temporal effect in simultaneous masking with pure tones","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(86)90114-0","article-title":"Temporal effects in simultaneous pure-tone masking: Effects of signal frequency, masker\/signal frequency ratio, and masker level","volume":"23","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402967","article-title":"Overshoot in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects","volume":"91","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395117","article-title":"A release from masking by continuous, random, notched noise","volume":"81","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90014-2","article-title":"Changes in the masked thresholds of brief tones produced by prior bursts of noise","volume":"41","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397853","article-title":"Reductions in overshoot following intense sound exposures","volume":"85","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.114991","article-title":"Efferent-mediated control of basilar membrane motion","volume":"576","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (London)"},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90075-5","article-title":"Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat auditory-nerve fibers. III. Tuning curves and thresholds at CF","volume":"37","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(92)90174-L","article-title":"Factors influencing temporal effects with notched-noise maskers","volume":"64","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400029996","article-title":"Dynamics of real time DPOAE contralateral suppression in chinchillas and humans","volume":"44","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c12","article-title":"The effects of precursor frequency on behavioral estimates of cochlear gain in forward masking","volume-title":"Advances in Auditory Physiology, Psychophysics and Models","author":"Lopez-Poveda","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3081383","article-title":"Precursor effects on behavioral estimates of frequency selectivity and gain in forward masking","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.6.2533","article-title":"Antimasking effects of the olivocochlear reflex. II. Enhancement of auditory-nerve response to masked tones","volume":"70","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3068443","article-title":"Use of stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions to investigate efferent and cochlear contributions to temporal overshoot","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s101620010066","article-title":"Adaptation of distortion product otoacoustic emission in humans","volume":"2","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2912440","article-title":"The effect of a precursor on growth of forward masking","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912375","article-title":"Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics","volume":"49","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-009-0163-1","article-title":"Human medial olivocochlear reflex: Effects as functions of contralateral, ipsilateral, and bilateral elicitor bandwidths","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90925.2008","article-title":"Reflex control of the human inner ear: A half-octave offset in medial efferent feedback that is consistent with an efferent role in the control of masking","volume":"101","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397732","article-title":"Spectral differences in the ability of temporal gaps to reset the mechanisms underlying overshoot","volume":"85","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399056","article-title":"Reductions in overshoot during aspirin use","volume":"87","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00325.1996","article-title":"The effect of efferent stimulation on basilar membrane displacement in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea","volume":"16","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1404439","article-title":"A new procedure for measuring peripheral compression in normal-hearing impaired listeners","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415232","article-title":"The effect of level and relative frequency region on the recovery of overshoot","volume":"99","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418327","article-title":"A behavioral measure of basilar membrane nonlinearity in listeners with normal and impaired hearing","volume":"101","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00206-9","article-title":"Effects of masker frequency and duration in forward masking: Further evidence for the influence of peripheral nonlinearity","volume":"150","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383885","article-title":"Nonlinearities in the coding of intensity within the context of a temporal summation model","volume":"67","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-002-3056-0","article-title":"Forward masking additivity and auditory compression at low and high frequencies","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1121\/1.421294","article-title":"Basilar-membrane nonlinearity and the growth of forward masking","volume":"103","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c31","first-page":"171","article-title":"Characterizing changes in auditory filter bandwidth as a function of level","volume":"83","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv. Biosci."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400656","article-title":"The effect of masker spectral asymmetry on overshoot in simultaneous masking","volume":"89","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1357811","article-title":"The relationship between frequency selectivity and overshoot","volume":"109","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1691036","article-title":"The temporal effect with notched-noise maskers: Analysis in terms of input-output functions","volume":"115","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2821977","article-title":"The relationship between precursor level and the temporal effect","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2074787","article-title":"The temporal effect in listeners with mild to moderate cochlear hearing impairment","volume":"118","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Overshoot measured physiologically and psychophysically in the same human ears","year":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.04.007"},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3279832","article-title":"Properties of a nonlinear version of the stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emission","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c39","first-page":"114","article-title":"Efferent components of the auditory system","volume":"90","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann.Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. Suppl."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)91104-1","article-title":"Efferent innervation of the organ of Corti: Two separate systems","volume":"173","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1579003","article-title":"The effects of a high-frequency suppressor on tuning curves and derived basilar-membrane response functions","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023071520185886300_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1909389","article-title":"Temporal effects in simultaneous masking by white-noise bursts","volume":"37","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/128\/3\/1203\/15292721\/1203_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/128\/3\/1203\/15292721\/1203_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T20:19:06Z","timestamp":1689452346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/128\/3\/1203\/599134\/The-time-course-of-cochlear-gain-reduction"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3473695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}}}