{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:30:03Z","timestamp":1791387003358,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The directionality of bat echolocation calls defines the width of bats\u2019 sonar \u201cview,\u201d while call intensity directly influences detection range since adequate sound energy must impinge upon objects to return audible echoes. Both are thus crucial parameters for understanding biosonar signal design. Phyllostomid bats have been classified as low intensity or \u201cwhispering bats,\u201d but recent data indicate that this designation may be inaccurate. Echolocation beam directionality in phyllostomids has only been measured through electrode brain-stimulation of restrained bats, presumably excluding active beam control via the noseleaf. Here, a 12-microphone array was used to measure echolocation call intensity and beam directionality in the frugivorous phyllostomid, Carollia perspicillata, echolocating in flight. The results showed a considerably narrower beam shape (half-amplitude beam angles of approximately 16\u00b0 horizontally and 14\u00b0 vertically) and louder echolocation calls [source levels averaging 99 dB sound pressure level (SPL) root mean square] for C. perspicillata than was found for this species when stationary. This suggests that naturally behaving phyllostomids shape their sound beam to achieve a longer and narrower sonar range than previously thought. C. perspicillata orient and forage in the forest interior and the narrow beam might be adaptive in clutter, by reducing the number and intensity of off-axis echoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3519396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]],"date-time":"2011-02-02T23:26:45Z","timestamp":1296689205000},"page":"427-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Echolocation call intensity and directionality in flying short-tailed fruit bats, <i>Carollia perspicillata<\/i> (Phyllostomidae)"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Signe","family":"Brinkl\u00f8v","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark 1 Institute of Biology, , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lasse","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark 1 Institute of Biology, , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark 1 Institute of Biology, , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth K. 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