{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:34:09Z","timestamp":1789436049899,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A finite element model for the reverberation and propagation in a shallow water waveguide with a sandy bottom was calculated for five different environments at a center frequency of 250 Hz. The various environments included a rough water\/sediment interface, a rough air\/water interface, roughness at both interfaces and downward and upward refracting sound speed profiles with roughness at both interfaces. When compared to other models of reverberation such as ray theory, coupled modes, and parabolic equations, finite elements predicted higher levels of reverberation. At early times, this is due to the \u201cfathometer\u201d return, energy that is normally incident on the boundaries at zero range. At later times, the increased reverberation was due to high angle scattering paths between the two interfaces. Differences in reverberation levels among the environments indicated that scattered energy from the air\/water interface is transmitted into the bottom at steep angles. This led to a large decrease in reverberation for a rough air\/water interface relative to a rough water\/sediment interface. Sound speed profile effects on reverberation were minimal at this frequency range. Calculations of the scintillation index of the different environments indicated that most of the reverberation was relatively Rayleigh-like with heavier tailed distributions at longer ranges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3531810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]],"date-time":"2011-03-18T22:57:43Z","timestamp":1300489063000},"page":"1273-1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Finite element modeling of reverberation and transmission loss in shallow water waveguides with rough boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Marcia J.","family":"Isakson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas, Austin Applied Research Laboratories, , Texas 78713-8029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Chotiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas, Austin Applied Research Laboratories, , Texas 78713-8029"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080406384878100_c1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Reverberation due to bottom roughness using first-order perturbation theory","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underwater Reverberation and Clutter"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL242","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3116631","article-title":"Rough surface scattering in a Born approximation from a two-way coupled-mode formalism","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c3","first-page":"31","article-title":"A parabolic equation method for modeling rough interface reverberation","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underwater Reverberation and Clutter"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c4","first-page":"47","article-title":"Semi-coherent reverberation calculations","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underwater Reverberation and Clutter"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c5","article-title":"Overview of the reverberation modeling workshops","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underwater Reverberation and Clutter"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c6","first-page":"173","article-title":"A finite element model for seafloor roughness scattering","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underwater Reverberation and Clutter","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c7","volume-title":"Finite Element Analysis of Acoustic Scattering, volume 132 of Applied Mathematical Sciences","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c8","volume-title":"Computing with hp-Adaptive Finite Elements","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c9","volume-title":"Computational Ocean Acoustics","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c10"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1994.1159","article-title":"A perfectly matched layer for the adsorption of electromagnetic waves","volume":"114","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1109\/8.477535","article-title":"Perfectly matched layer for the FDTD solution of wavestructure interaction problems","volume":"44","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2764471","article-title":"A computationally efficient finite element model with perfectly matched layers applied to scattering from axially symmetric objects","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ069i024p05161","article-title":"Estimates of the power spectrums for fully developed seas for wind speeds of 20 to 40 knots","volume":"69","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c15","article-title":"Reverberation workshop"},{"key":"2023080406384878100_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.32.002681","article-title":"New effects in wave propagation and scattering in random media (a mini review)","volume":"32","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/129\/3\/1273\/15294581\/1273_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/129\/3\/1273\/15294581\/1273_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T06:39:01Z","timestamp":1691131141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/129\/3\/1273\/978073\/Finite-element-modeling-of-reverberation-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3531810","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]}}}