{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:25:50Z","timestamp":1791087950591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An immersed-boundary method based flow solver coupled with a finite-element solid dynamics solver is employed in order to conduct direct-numerical simulations of phonatory dynamics in a three-dimensional model of the human larynx. The computed features of the glottal flow including mean and peak flow rates, and the open and skewness quotients are found to be within the normal physiological range. The flow-induced vibration pattern shows the classical \u201cconvergent-divergent\u201d glottal shape, and the vibration amplitude is also found to be typical for human phonation. The vocal fold motion is analyzed through the method of empirical eigenfunctions and this analysis indicates a 1:1 modal entrainment between the \u201cadduction-abduction\u201d mode and the \u201cmucosal wave\u201d mode. The glottal jet is found to exhibit noticeable cycle-to-cycle asymmetric deflections and the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3592216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]],"date-time":"2011-07-20T13:25:15Z","timestamp":1311168315000},"page":"404-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Direct-numerical simulation of the glottal jet and vocal-fold dynamics in a three-dimensional laryngeal model"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 126 Latrobe Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 126 Latrobe Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 126 Latrobe Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bielamowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Division of Otolaryngology, , Washington, DC 20052"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2023080100090370600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1324678","article-title":"A finite-element model of vocal-fold vibration","volume":"108","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c2","unstructured":"Baer, T. (1975). \u201cInvestigation of phonation using excised larynxes,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, MA Institutes of Technology, MA."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080100090370600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3068444","article-title":"Flow-structure-acoustic interaction in a human voice model","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c4","first-page":"650","volume-title":"Nolinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures","year":"2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908987","article-title":"On the air resistance and the Bernoulli effect of the human larynx","volume":"29","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1408947","article-title":"High-speed digital imaging of the medial surface of the vocal folds","volume":"110","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080100090370600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1121\/1.409875","article-title":"Interpretation of biomechanical simulations of normal and chaotic vocal fold oscillations with empirical eigenfunctions","volume":"95","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199505000-00018","article-title":"An improved method of medialization laryngoplasty using a three-sided thyroplasty window","volume":"105","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080100090370600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2996300","article-title":"Reducing the number of vocal fold mechanical tissue properties: Evaluation of the incompressibility and planar displacement assumptions","volume":"124","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c10","first-page":"157","article-title":"Reducing the bandwidth of sparse symmetric matrices","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th National Conference of the ACM","year":"1969"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/47.4.399","article-title":"Trends in high performance computing","volume":"47","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2354069","article-title":"Modeling coupled aerodynamics and vocal fold dynamics using immersed boundary methods","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-006-0106-0","article-title":"An investigation of bimodal jet trajectory in flow through scaled models of the human vocal tract","volume":"40","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Fluids."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2213522","article-title":"The occurrence of the coanda effect in pulsatile flow through static models of the human vocal folds","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080100090370600_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-009-0809-0","article-title":"An investigation of asymmetric flow features in a scaled-up driven model of the human vocal folds","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Fluids"},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c16","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Theory of Speech Production","year":"1960"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080100090370600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1968.1161949","article-title":"Self-oscillating source for vocal-tract synthesizers","volume":"16","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1145\/355705.355707","article-title":"A comparison of several bandwidth and profile reduction algorithms","volume":"2","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Math. Software"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023080100090370600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.11.007","article-title":"Modeling mechanical stress as a factor in the etiology of benigh vocal fold lesions","volume":"37","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080100090370600_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(05)80147-X","article-title":"Physiological correlates of the inversrsed filtered flow waveform","volume":"6","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Voice."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c21","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Structure and vibratory behavior of the vocal folds,\u201d in Dynamic Aspect of Speech Production","year":"1977"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080100090370600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1972.tb02651.x","article-title":"Synthesis of voiced sounds from a two-mass model of the vocal cords","volume":"51","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c23","article-title":"Mucosal wave measurement and visualization techniques","volume-title":"J. Voice","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080100090370600_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1577547","article-title":"Modeling vocal fold motion with a hydrodynamic semicontinuum model","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.2514\/1.8210","article-title":"Reduced-order modeling of a heaving airfoil","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"issue":"41\u201344","key":"2023080100090370600_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2009.06.009","article-title":"A 2D finite-element scheme for fluid-solid-acoustic interactions and its application to human phonation","volume":"198","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.05.001","article-title":"An immersed-boundary method for flow-structure interaction in biological systems with applications to phonation","volume":"227","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023080100090370600_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.01.028","article-title":"A versatile sharp interface immersed boundary method for incompressible flows with complex boundaries","volume":"227","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2409488","article-title":"Coherent structure of the near field flow in a self-oscillating physical model of the vocal folds","volume":"121","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1619981","article-title":"A contribution to simulating a three-dimensional larynx model using the finite element method","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1333420","article-title":"Intraglottal pressure profiles for a aymmetric and oblique glottis with a divergence angle of 10 degrees","volume":"109","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1504849","article-title":"Intraglottal pressure distributions for a symmetric and oblique glottis with a uniform duct (L","volume":"112","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1121\/1.412234","article-title":"Voice simulation with a body-cover model of the vocal folds","volume":"97","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(96)80047-6","article-title":"Videokymography: High-speed line scanning of vocal fold vibration","volume":"10","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2773960","article-title":"Asymmetric airflow and vibration induced by the Coanda effect in a symmetric model of the vocal fold","volume":"112","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c36","first-page":"266","volume-title":"A First Course in Turbulence","year":"1972"},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000259453","article-title":"The human vocal cords: A mathematical model: Part I","volume":"28","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000259461","article-title":"The human vocal cords: A mathematical model: Part II","volume":"29","year":"1974","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c39","first-page":"354","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-005-1015-3","article-title":"High-speed PIV measurements of the flow downstream of a dynamic mechanical model of the human vocal folds","volume":"39","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Fluids"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080100090370600_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3299202","article-title":"Three dimensional nature of the glottal jet","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1560163","article-title":"Numerical simulations of self-sustained oscillation of a voice-producing element based on Navier-Stokes equations and the finite element method","volume":"113","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080100090370600_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3277165","article-title":"Biomechanical modeling of the three-dimensional aspects of human vocal fold dynamics","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c44","first-page":"610","volume-title":"Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology","year":"1998","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1506694","article-title":"Computational aeroacoustics of phonation, part II: Effects of flow parameters and ventricular folds","volume":"112","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2773949","article-title":"Physical mechanisms of phonation onset: a linear stability analysis of aeroelastic continuum model of phonation","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080100090370600_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1506693","article-title":"Computational aeroacoustics of phonation, part I: computational methods and sound generation mechanisms","volume":"112","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080100090370600_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9630-9","article-title":"A computational study of the effect of false vocal folds on glottal flow and vocal folds vibration during phonation","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023080100090370600_c49","unstructured":"Zheng, X. (2009). \u201cBiomechanical modeling of glottal aerodynamics and vocal fold vibration during phonation,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, George Washington University, DC."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080100090370600_c50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3544490","article-title":"A Computational Study of Asymmetric Glottal Jet Deflection During Phonation","volume":"129","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"}],"container-title":["The Journal of The Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/130\/1\/404\/11063438\/404_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/130\/1\/404\/11063438\/404_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:09:20Z","timestamp":1690848560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/130\/1\/404\/906551\/Direct-numerical-simulation-of-the-glottal-jet-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3592216","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]}}}