{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:33:41Z","timestamp":1789778021201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent experimental studies showed that isotropic vocal fold models were often blown wide apart and thus not able to maintain adductory position, resulting in voice production with noticeable breathy quality. This study showed that the capability of the vocal fold to resist deformation against airflow and maintain adductory position can be improved by stiffening the body-layer stiffness or increasing the anterior-posterior tension of the vocal folds, which presumably can be achieved through the contraction of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles, respectively. Experiments in both physical models and excised larynges showed that, when these restraining mechanisms were activated, the vocal folds were better able to maintain effective adduction, resulting in voice production with much clearer quality and reduced breathiness. In humans, one or more restraining mechanisms may be activated at different levels to accommodate the varying degree of restraining required under different voice conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3658477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,16]],"date-time":"2011-12-16T00:34:53Z","timestamp":1323995693000},"page":"4010-4019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Restraining mechanisms in regulating glottal closure during phonation"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Zhaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California School of Medicine, , Los Angeles, 31-24 Rehabilitation Center, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1794"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073107570293300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.2001.0148","article-title":"Mechanisms of modal and nonmodal phonation","volume":"29","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1121\/1.416975","article-title":"Normal modes in a continuum model of vocal fold tissues","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2009.09.005","article-title":"Measurement of Young\u2019s modulus of vocal fold by indentation","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310201006","article-title":"Function of the thyroarytenoid muscle in a canine laryngeal model","volume":"102","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2996300","article-title":"Reducing the number of vocal fold mechanical tissue properties: Evaluation of the incompressibility and planar displacement assumptions","volume":"124","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100311","article-title":"Electromyography of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during phonation","volume":"81","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398894","article-title":"Analysis, synthesis and perception of voice quality variations among male and female talkers","volume":"87","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c8","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Foundations of Voice Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Voice Production and Perception","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3158942","article-title":"Analysis of flow-structure interaction in the larynx during phonation using an immersed-boundary method","volume":"126","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000263771","article-title":"Morphological structure of the vocal cord as a vibrator and its variations","volume":"26","year":"1974","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr. (Basel)"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cover-body theory of vocal fold vibration","volume-title":"Speech Science: Recent Advances","author":"Daniloff","year":"1985"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1203.616","article-title":"The function of laryngeal muscles in regulating fundamental frequency and intensity of phonation","volume":"12","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear Res."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c13","first-page":"231","article-title":"Equivalent lumped-mass models of vocal fold vibration","volume-title":"Vocal Fold Physiology","author":"Stevens","year":"1981"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0701.17","article-title":"Regulatory mechanism of voice intensity variation","volume":"7","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear Res."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1203.669","article-title":"Remarks on mechanism for vocal intensity variation","volume":"12","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear Res."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01182156","article-title":"Elastic constants and their admissible values for incompressible and slightly compressible anisotropic materials","volume":"157","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Mech."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198705000-00003","article-title":"Videostroboscopy of the canine larynx: The effects of asymmetric laryngeal tension","volume":"97","year":"1987","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487209128460","article-title":"Vibratory pattern of the vocal cord in unilateral paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle","volume":"74","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Oto-laryngol."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395910","article-title":"The physics of small-amplitude oscillation of the vocal folds","volume":"83","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c20","first-page":"425","article-title":"Results of experiments with human larynxes","volume":"21","year":"1959","journal-title":"Pract. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023073107570293300_c21","first-page":"78","article-title":"Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: An often overlooked entity","volume":"84","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2159433","article-title":"A constitutive model of the human vocal fold cover for fundamental frequency regulation","volume":"119","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3050285","article-title":"Characteristics of phonation onset in a two-layer vocal fold model","volume":"125","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3308410","article-title":"Dependence of phonation threshold pressure and frequency on vocal fold geometry and biomechanics","volume":"127","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023073107570293300_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EL279","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3492798","article-title":"Vibration in a self-oscillating vocal fold model with left-right asymmetry in body-layer stiffness","volume":"128","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2225682","article-title":"The influence of subglottal acoustics on laboratory models of phonation","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2354025","article-title":"Aerodynamically and acoustically driven modes of vibration in a physical model of the vocal folds","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2773949","article-title":"Physical mechanisms of phonation onset: A linear stability analysis of an aeroelastic continuum model of phonation","volume":"122","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023073107570293300_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2008.11.009","article-title":"Influence of vocal fold stiffness and acoustic loading on flow-induced vibration of a single-layer vocal fold model","volume":"322","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sound Vibr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/130\/6\/4010\/13329973\/4010_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/asa\/jasa\/article-pdf\/130\/6\/4010\/13329973\/4010_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1713222807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jasa\/article\/130\/6\/4010\/905063\/Restraining-mechanisms-in-regulating-glottal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3658477","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-4966","1520-8524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-4966","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}}}